Injury Classification
What type of tissue is injured in a sprain?
What is a Ligament
Which movement decreases a joint angle (example: bending the elbow)?
Flexion
In HOPS, what does the "P" stand for?
What is Palpation
In SOAP notes, what does the "A" represent?
What is Assessment
What is the first stage of tissue healing?
What is Acute Inflammatory Phase
An athlete reports gradual pain after repetitive microtrauma from running. Is this injury acute or chronic?
What term describes turning the forearm so the palm faces up (think "holding a bowl of soup")?
What is Supination
Which HOPS category would you record visible swelling and discoloration?
What is Observation
Is a reported pain level (e.g., "6/10") subjective or objective?
What is Subjective
Which stage is called the repair phase and typically occurs approximately days 4–21?
What is Proliferation Phase
A hockey player is checked directly into the boards and has immediate localized bruising and pain at the point of impact. Is this MOI direct (contact) or indirect (non-contact)?
What is Direct (contact)
An athlete stands on tiptoes during a calf raise. What ankle movement is being performed?
What is Plantarflexion?
thlete says, "It hurts when I run upstairs." Under which HOPS category is this recorded?
What is History
Given: Athlete reports "shoulder hurts when I throw"; you measure decreased ROM and a positive special test. Provide one concise example entry for S and one for O in a SOAP note.
What is S: "Right shoulder pain with throwing; reports pain with overhead activity." O: "Decreased active abduction ROM; positive special test."
Right after an injury you observe redness, heat, swelling, and the athlete reports pain. Which healing stage is this and name one goal of that stage.
What is Acute Inflammatory Phase; goal example: Protect the area / localize damage / prepare for healing
A basketball player lands, hears a pop, has gross swelling and cannot bear weight. Which injury grade is most likely?
What is Grade lll
During a shoulder exam the athlete moves the arm in a cone-like path combining multiple planes. What movement term best describes this?
What is Circumduction
You observe obvious wrist deformity and find point tenderness over the distal radius on touch. Assign each to the correct HOPS category.
What is A: Deformity = Observation; Point tenderness = Palpation
After evaluating a suspected ACL sprain, give one appropriate Assessment statement and one Plan item for the SOAP note.
What is Assessment: "Suspected right ACL sprain with functional instability." Plan: "Immediate RICE, limit weightbearing, refer to orthopedic physician for imaging; begin protective immobilization."
Around day 10 post-injury you see removal of dead cells and early tissue replacement. Which healing stage is occurring and name one process (resolution, regeneration, or repair) active now.
What is Proliferation Phase; process: resolution (clean-up) or regeneration/repair
A distance runner develops gradual anterior knee pain over months with no acute swelling, decreased strength during runs, and symptoms worsening with increased mileage. Classify: (a) acute vs. chronic, (b) most likely tissue involved (ligament, tendon, or muscle), and (c) likely mechanism (single traumatic event or overuse/repetitive microtrauma).
What is (a) Chronic; (b) Tendon (muscle/tendon — strain/overuse); (c) Overuse/repetitive microtrauma
During a secondary survey you note the athlete cannot dorsiflex the ankle and reports numbness on the lateral foot. (a) Is inability to dorsiflex a sign or symptom? (b) Is numbness a sign or symptom? (c) Which survey (primary or secondary) is this information documented in?
What is (a) Inability to dorsiflex = sign. (b) Numbness = symptom. (c) Secondary survey.
A volleyball player landed on another player's foot, felt immediate lateral ankle pain, has swelling and ecchymosis, point tenderness over the lateral malleolus, and a positive anterior drawer test. For each item, state the HOPS category and whether it is a sign or symptom.
What is A: Landed on foot / immediate pain = History; pain is a symptom. Swelling and ecchymosis = Observation; signs. Point tenderness = Palpation; sign. Positive anterior drawer = Special Tests; sign.
Classify each entry as S, O, A, or P: (1) "Patient reports tingling down the thumb after the collision"; (2) ROM on injured elbow is 20° less than uninjured measured with goniometer; (3) "Suspected Grade II lateral ankle sprain"; (4) "Begin progressive ROM and strengthening; follow up in 1 week."
What is (1) S; (2) O; (3) A; (4) P
An athlete is 6 weeks post-injury. Collagen fibers are aligning and strength is improving but not yet back to pre-injury. Identify the healing stage, the approximate full time frame for remodeling, and the major purpose of this phase.
What is Remodeling Phase; time frame: approximately 21 days to 1 year; major purpose: increase strength of repaired/replaced tissue (collagen maturation)