SS Review #2

I - Before Europe

100

What trust-based system allowed merchants to conveniently transfer money and credit? A) Hawala/Hundi network B) Nayaka system C) Mansabdar system D) Cartaza system E) EIC network

A) Hawala network

200

What ruling power used a land revenue system in which warriors were given land in exchange for collecting taxes and providing troops when necessary? What was the name of these warriors? A) Mughal empire; Mansabdars B) Mughal empire; nayakas C) Vijayanagara; Mansabdars D) Vijayanagara; nayakas E) None of the above

D (A correctly associates empire + system)

300

How did Islam arrive/spread in India? (which of the following are true?) A) Umayyad Caliphate spread its territory to Sindh in the seventh and eighth centuries B) Through trade networks (connecting to coastal India) C) Muslim holy men brought frontier zones under settled cultivation, appealing to local dwellers in 14th and 15th century D) All of the above E) Both A and B

D -- all of these statements are true

400

What were the two key advantages Babur had over kingdoms he encountered? (pick two) A) He allied with Shivaji Bhonsle and Maratha warriors B) His religious tolerance (suhl-i-kul) made him more appealing to kingdoms C) He standardized the rupiya ( allowing him to buy resources anywhere ) D) He mastered artillery E) He had a well trained and large cavalry

D and E A) Shivaji Bhonsle was a Maratha opponent of Aurangzeb B) Akbar had religious tolerance, but nothing is mentioned on this policy's impact on other kingdoms C) Sher Shah Suri standardized the rupiya, but nothing is mentioned on this policy's impact on other kingdoms

500

Who was the founder of Sikhism? Who was the last living guru? What is the holy text? (get 2 of these for points) Options: Guru Nanak, Khalsa, Guru Gobind Singh, Guru Ram Das, Guru Tegh Bahadur Guru Granth Sahib, Guru Hargobind, Adi Granth

Founder: Guru Nanak Last guru: Guru Gobind Singh Holy text: Guru Granth Sahib/Adi Granth

II - 1707-1857

100

What happened when an American missionary arrived in Madras in 1812? When did the EIC relax its ban on missionaries?

He was jailed; 1813

200

Who founded the Asiatic Society of Bengal? What was the ideology behind it? A) James Mill B) Jeremy Bentham C) Sir Thomas Babington Macaulay D) Sir William Jones E) Henry Derozio + Your answer

D (he was an orientalist) A (EIC employee, wrote History of British India) and B (leader of the movement) were utilitarians, and B thought complete overhaul of gov't in India was necessary C was a anglicist and utilitarian colonial administrator (wrote Minute on Indian Education in 1835), thought English should reject Indian customs E founded young bengal, called for English norms

300

Tell me stuff Dalhousie did/ or projects completed under him. (at least 2) (policy counts)

Doctrine of Lapse (based on theory of paramountcy), Ganges canal, Railroads, Telegraph

400

1) Tipu Sultan fought EIC troops to a draw in 1784 2) EIC defeats Tipu Sultan in 1799, resulting in a subsidiary alliance in Mysore What two battles (respectively) match these descriptions? A) Battle of Plassey; Battle of Buxar B) A but switched C) Battle of Seringapatnam; Battle of Poligur D) C but switched E) Battle of the Firangi Mahal; Battle of Seringapatnam D) E)

D A relates to the events that were carried out in Bengal Firangi Mahal: college of Muslim learning at Lucknow, where Sunni religious scholars were patronized by Lucknow's Shia rulers. There was a firm curriculum so that Islam learning might spread in a way that adapted with the times

500

What did four brothers from Bengal, the adibasis, and Bengali peasant Shariat Allah (and son) have in common? Elaborate on what each one did.

Formed some sort of protest/rebellion indirectly/directly against colonial practices. Four bros from bengal: led Santhal rebellion, or hool, a major uprising against the colonial state Adibasis(this is weird bc its listed as a rebellion but not written explicitly): tribes like the Bhils were villified for raids and were forced to settle in 1810s Shariat Allah: advocated for reformed islam and refused to pay tribute to landowners to support Hindu religious activities. Son protested this as well and organized against zamindar and colonial abuses.

III - Colonialism

100

What did Lord Curzon do as viceroy? (3 main things) (hint: he was viceroy from 1898-1905)

-Reduced # of elected members on municipal board of Calcutta in 1899 -Had an all British conference to reduce # of elected Indian members of universities' governing boards with 1904 University Act -PARTITION of Bengal in 1905 (causing swadeshi campaign, which was a reaction)

200

The man that advocated for swaraj and swadeshi, also created the Ganapati festival and a festival honoring Shivaji (great Maratha warrior): A) Bal Gangadhar Tilak B) Mohandas K. Gandhi C) S. C. Bose D) Mehr Chand Mahajan E) Dadabhai Naoroji

A) is correct C was a part of the left wing of India, tried to ally with axis powers, got japanese support and formed the Indian National Army (INA) to overthrow colonial regime (did not succeed) D is the name of my great-great (or so) grandfather, who actually turned out to be the third Supreme court justice of India, was prime minister of Jammu and Kashmir, and was on the Radcliff commission(!) E wrote Poverty and Un-British Rule in India, outlining drain of wealth theory

300

How did the British change their approach to military policy after the Sepoy Mutiny/Rebellion? (What was the name of the report that suggested the changes?)

(Peel Commission Report) -Suggested ratio of Indian:English soldiers be 2:1, not 6:1. -Suggested reliance on more than one social group --What actually happened: certain groups were picked (ones that were loyal during the rebellion: Punjabis, Pathans, Nepali Gurkhas. By 1875, 1/2 the Indian troops were Punjabi)

400

Which of the following did not occur in the Mutiny/Rebellion of 1857-58? A) 85 soldiers at Meerut garrison refuse to bite cartridges, starting the mutiny B) Bahadur Shah Zafar reluctantly becomes figurehead of the rebellion C) Sepoys attack British residency in Lucknow in June 1857. D) British retook Gwalior in June 1858, ending the mutiny E) None of the above.

E All true (while these are not all of the events, they are in order)

500

Which of the following statements is false? Why? A) The Morley-Minto reforms established separate electorates for Muslims B) The Montagu/Chelmsford reforms of 1917/Gov't of India act of 1919 developed the idea of a dyarchy in India C) The Rowlatt Acts of 1919 prevented the colonial state from maintaining wartime powers of detention w/o trial in peacetime D) Gov't of India Act of 1935. It ended dyarchy, and all gov't departments at provincial level would be held by elected members of legislative councils

C) opposite (usually gov'ts must suspend this power during peacetime, but these acts allowed the colonial state to give detentions without trial in peacetime)

IV - Early Independence

100

What happened when partition was announced? A) 6-12 million Hindus and Muslims migrated B) 1 million Indians were killed in religious riots C) Extreme violence broke out in Punjab D) All of the above E) Both A and B

E Lots of violence actually broke out in Bengal; in Punjab, things were less violent and calmer, population exchange between Calcutta and E. Pakistan was over a longer period of time compared to that of Bengal

200

Who's election paperwork had been invalidated by an Indian high court, causing that person to suspend civil liberties, due process, free speech, etc? What was the name of this event?

Indira Gandhi; the emergency

300

Who implemented the 5 yr plans (in India)? What did they focus on? Results?

-J. Nehru -1st (51-56): agriculture (specifically the zamindari system) -2nd)56-61): industrial (gov't developed crucial industries, high tariff on certain imports, etc) Agriculture went up 25% in the first plan, 20% in the second Industrial growth went up 7% in the first decade

400

What events led up to Indira Gandhi's Operation Blue Star? (Result?)

Operation blue star: storming of the temple at Amritsar (holy Sikh city) -Akali Dal, a Punjabi political party, issued a resolution for greater autonomy in Punjab, calling for Khalistan (sikh state) - Mrs. Gandhi turns to more religious symbols, Bhindrawale (a more radical alternative). He starts doing roadside executions and is chased into the Golden Temple at Amritsar. -She authorizes an attack on the temple, destroying much of it -Two of her Sikh bodyguards assassinated her later (which caused Sikh hatred...sigh)

500

Compare and contrast the cabinet mission with the simla (shimla) conference.

Viceroy Lord Archibald Wavell brought Congress and Simla: Muslim league together. ML gets equal standing for war loyalty. Nehru and JInnah agree that there should be equal rep of muslims and hindus and negotiating committee, but Jinnah insists that all Muslims come from the league. He halts talks (viceroy lets him bc muslim loyality) Cabinet: Outlines three tiered government (provinces, center, regional), regions A(hindu majority), B(nw provinces + states), C (Bengal) (B and C were muslim majority). Groups would control tax, laws, + get equal say at nat'l level. Nehru opposed it, calling for a strong central gov't

Modern India

100

Where did India conduct nuclear tests? When? A) baluchistan; 1998 B) pokharan (rajasthan's thar desert); 1974 and 1998 C) pokharan (rajasthan's thar desert); 1974 D) pokharan (rajasthan's thar desert); 1998 E) baluchistan; 1974

B First time was initial testing, second time was more to demonstrate military power Baluchistan is where Pakistan did its nuclear tests.

200

Which PM liberalized the economy, mixed religion and politics, and tilted from the USSR to the US? A)Indira Gandhi B)Rajiv Gandhi C)V.P. Singh D)P.V. Rao E)Modi

Rajiv Gandhi (Indira's older son) (3rd PM of India)

300

Under which PM's term was the Mandal commission appointed? What did it do? A) Rajiv Gandhi; implemented affirmative action for lower castes B) Rajiv Gandhi; made a work program that guaranteed people of lower castes 100 days of work a year C) V. P. Singh: implemented affirmative action for lower castes D) Manmohan Singh:made a work program that guaranteed people of lower castes 100 days of work a year

C

400

What group utilized suicide bombing during Rajiv Gandhi's term?

Tamil Tigers, a separatist Tamil organization in Sri Lanki (wanted to be separate from the Sinhalese). (My father, Sri Lankan Tamil, actually fled Sri Lanka at 12 so that they wouldn't recruit him). Rajiv tried to negotiate peace, but ended up sending in troops. He was actually killed by one of them in 1991.

500

Describe India's GDP growth rate from before the 1990s. Why did it change during the 1990s?

Was stagnant, growing at 3% a year. In the 1990s it grew at 6.3% a year bc of liberalization of the economy under initially Rajiv Gandhi and then Manmohan Singh. Growth has lessened since.