Earth Space
Matthew wrote the following description in his science journal:
I woke up to a bright blue, cloudless sky. The mountains in the distance have exposed layers of rust-colored rocks. A roadrunner flew past and landed on a bush in front of me.
Which of Earth’s spheres is NOT included in Matthew’s description?
F atmosphere
G biosphere
H geosphere
I hydrosphere
I hydrosphere
Which list organizes the structure of an organism from leastcomplex to most complex?
A tissue, cell, organ, organ system, organism
B cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
C organism, tissue, cell, organ, organ system
D cell, organ, tissue, organism, organ system
B cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
Earth constantly receives radiant energy from the Sun.
Which observation supports the conclusion that Earth is not a closed system?
A The interior of Earth is composed of very hot, molten
metals and rock.
B The temperature at any point on Earth’s surface
changes during the day.
C The overall average temperature of the planet changes
very little over long periods.
D The movement of air in the atmosphere constantly
transfers energy from one place to another
The movement of air in the atmosphere constantly
transfers energy from one place to another.
Which statement best describes how the aftermath of a wildfire can affect human life in Florida?
F Less water in rivers causes drought.
G Waterspouts form over the Gulf of Mexico.
H Damage to vegetation increases the risk of flooding.
I Smoky conditions are less favorable for thunderstorm development.
H Damage to vegetation increases the risk of flooding.
Which product of cellular respiration is required for photosynthesis to take place?
F carbon dioxide
G glucose
H oxygen
I sunlight
F carbon dioxide
Two students want to explore a sea cave. The entrance to the cave can only be accessed during neap tides. The students have been tracking the phases of the moon.
During which phases of the moon could the students explore the cave?
F when the moon is new
G when the moon is full
H when there is a quarter moon
I when there is an eclipse
H when there is a quarter moon
Several scientists contributed to the development of cell theory. Which example describes research that best supports this theory?
A Rudolf Virchow observed that cells divide to produce new cells.
B Friedrich Miescher discovered a substance in cells that is now known as DNA.
C Gregor Mendel studied how traits were passed down from parents to offspring.
D Rosalind Franklin investigated the structure of the substance that determines a cell’s traits
A Rudolf Virchow observed that cells divide to produce new cells.
Which energy transformation increases the amount of
potential energy in a system?
F Wind causes the rotation of turbine blades.
G Combustion of gasoline causes a car to move forward.
H A crane lifts a large container from a dock onto a ship.
I Water falling through a dam causes an electric current to
flow
A crane lifts a large container from a dock onto a ship
Scientists studying climate collect slightly different data than scientists who study weather.
What is different about climate data as compared to weather data?
A Climate data requires more specialized instruments.
B Climate data does not include air temperature or precipitation.
C Climate data is gathered over a wider area and a longer period of time.
D Climate data is focused only on the conditions in the upper atmosphere.
C Climate data is gathered over a wider area and a longer period of time.
Bella and Luke are comparing artificial selection and natural selection. After some research, they have recorded four examples. Which example would most likely result in the greatest variety of traits in a population?
F Harp seals compete for the same food source in a habitat.
G Dandelion plants experience a two-year drought in their habitat.
H A dog breeder crosses dogs with desirable features and temperaments.
I Farmers selectively breed only corn plants with the highest number of kernels.
H A dog breeder crosses dogs with desirable features and temperaments.
Which statement is NOT a major factor involved in how energy from the Sun influences weather and climate?
F Thermal energy differences between locations create wind.
G Thermal energy is released in the atmosphere, forming clouds.
H Thermal energy received by a location depends largely on altitude.
I Thermal energy is absorbed by the hydrosphere, driving evaporation
G Thermal energy is released in the atmosphere, forming clouds.
Benjamin and Hannah were investigating how a succulent plant reproduces. They broke off a leaf from the parent plant and placed it in the soil. In a few weeks, a new plant started to grow from the leaf.
Which statement best describes the type of reproduction shown by this plant?
F This shows asexual reproduction because the offspring is smaller than the parent.
G This shows sexual reproduction because the offspring is genetically different from the parent.
H This shows asexual reproduction because the offspring grew from a part of the parent.
I This shows both asexual and sexual reproduction
because only one parent was involved, but new
offspring was produced
H This shows asexual reproduction because the offspring grew from a part of the parent.
A jet airplane moves through the air as it flies across the United States.
Which observation supports the concept that energy is not created or destroyed during the flight?
A It took the airplane 5 hours to fly across the country.
B The airplane is denser than the air in which it is flying.
C The airplane flew at a constant speed for most of the trip.
D The amount of fuel in the fuel tank decreased constantly as the plane flew
The amount of fuel in the fuel tank decreased constantly as the plane flew.
Mr. Silva’s science class is making a model of Earth’s five spheres. The students used blue construction paper to represent the sky and brown construction paper to represent the soil. They have cotton balls and green felt to make clouds and trees. They will create a river out of blue yarn.
Which material would best complete their model?
A green yarn for grass
B brown felt for rocks
C white felt for snow
D red yarn for a bird
C white felt for snow
1. Ryan and Valentina are studying cells. Mr. Cruz, their biology teacher, gives them two slides. He tells them one slide holds a plant cell, while the other contains an animal cell.
What major structure should the students look for to identify which slide holds which type of cell?
A cell membrane
B cell wall
C mitochondria
D nucleus
B cell wall
Michael created a model of the Sun-Earth-Moon system. He rotated the model until the north end of Earth’s rotation axis was tilted toward the Sun.
Which season would the southern hemisphere be experiencing in Michael’s model?
A autumn
B spring
C summer
D winter
D winter
Bt-corn is a crop that has been genetically modified to produce a protein toxic to the larva of the European corn borer. The protein targets only this invasive species. It is not harmful to humans or different insects, including butterflies, bees, or beetles.
What is one advantage of growing Bt-corn?
A Less fertilizer can be used.
B Biodiversity can be decreased.
C Fewer pesticides need to be used.
D Fewer crops need to be harvested.
C Fewer pesticides need to be used.
An atom is the smallest particle of an element. Each atom is composed of smaller particles – electrons, protons, and neutrons. The protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus of the atom. This part of the atom determines its identity as an element.
The illustration shows a carbon atom. It is composed of 6 electrons, 6 protons, and 7 neutrons.
Of the particles shown in the model, which particle(s) determine the identity of the element as carbon?
F electrons only
G protons only
H electrons and neutrons
I electrons and protons
G- protons only
A student made a model of Earth’s layers using modeling clay and a tennis ball. The student cut the tennis ball in half. It was hollow inside. The student placed a ball of red clay in the center and wrapped a layer of gray clay around it. Then, the student wrapped a layer of blue clay and a layer of green clay around the gray. The outside of the tennis ball represented the crust.
What is one limitation of the student’s model?
F It does not have enough layers.
G It does not show that the inner core is solid.
H It does not show that the outer core is liquid.
I It does not show that the mantle is thicker than the crust.
H It does not show that the outer core is liquid.
A scientist performs an experiment and asks other scientists around the world to replicate it. Why would other scientists most likely try to perform the same experiment?
A) to find out if weather of various regions of the world would affect the results
B) to see if the experiment would be less expensive in another part of the world
C) to confirm the results of the experiment conducted by the scientist
D) to verify that the hypothesis of the experiment is a scientific law
C) to confirm the results of the experiment conducted by the scientist
Which pairing identifies the two Earth systems that interact during the process of transpiration?
F biosphere and cryosphere
G atmosphere and biosphere
H atmosphere and geosphere
I hydrosphere and geosphere
G atmosphere and biosphere
Deforestation is the removal of a forest or a large number of trees from land that is then used for other purposes, such as farming, mining, or housing.
What is the best reason for humans to dramatically slow the rate of deforestation?
A to stop the return of nitrogen to the soil
B to help remove excess carbon from the atmosphere
C to increase the amount of oxygen available to animals
D to decrease the amount of energy produced by photosynthesis, which warms the planet
B to help remove excess carbon from the atmosphere
How is the frequency of a particular wave related to the wavelength of the wave?
F- Frequency and wavelength are directly related, so as one increases, the other increases.
G -Frequency and wavelength are inversely related, so as one increases, the other decreases.
H -The relationship varies depending on the speed of
the wave.
I -There is no relationship between them because the frequency of all electromagnetic waves is the same
G Frequency and wavelength are inversely related, so as one increases, the other decreases.
According to the Em Spectrum, which type of radiation has a frequency higher than that of the light people can see?
F Radio waves
G Microwaves
H Visible light
I Ultraviolet waves
I Ultraviolet waves
Eli and Peyton make pizza dough to demonstrate a concept their science class is exploring. Eli combines ingredients in a bowl to create the dough. Once the ingredients are combined, Peyton forms the dough into a ball. Then, Eli tosses and spins the dough in the air. The dough gets wider and flattens as it spins.
What is the purpose of this demonstration?
F to illustrate the difference between revolution and rotation
G to illustrate the idea that planets exert a force on other planets
H to illustrate the role that gravity played in the formation of the solar system
I to illustrate the difference between geocentric and heliocentric models of the solar system
H to illustrate the role that gravity played in the formation of the solar system