DNA Structure
What are the base pairs in DNA?
A–T and C–G
Where does transcription happen?
A: Nucleus
Which stage of the cell cycle duplicates organelles?
G1 Phase
What is a mutation?
A: Change in DNA sequence
What is a genotype?
A: Genetic makeup
What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
A: Phosphate, sugar, nitrogen base
Where does translation happen?
A: Ribosome
Which stage of the cell cycle copies DNA?
S Phase
What type of mutation changes one base?
\
A: Substitution
What is a phenotype?
A: Physical trait
What shape is DNA?
A: Double helix
DNA: TAC → what is mRNA?
A: AUG
In what stage of the cell cycle does the cell divide?
Mitosis & Cytokinesis
Which mutation adds or removes a base?
A: Insertion or deletion
What does homozygous mean?
A: Two same alleles (AA or aa)
What makes up the sides (backbone) of DNA?
A: Sugar and phosphate
What does mRNA do?
A: Carries genetic code from DNA to ribosome
Which shows the correct sequence that cells undergo when they go through the cell cycle?
G1, S, G2, M
Which mutation causes a frameshift?
A: Insertion or deletion
What does heterozygous mean?
A: Two different alleles (Aa)
Why is base pairing important in DNA?
A: It allows accurate replication
What is the final product of protein synthesis?
A: Protein (polypeptide)
The cell cycle makes cells that are identical. If a cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes cell division, how many chromosomes would be in one daughter cell?
46 chromosomes in each of the daughter cells that undergo mitosis
Which mutation has the biggest impact on proteins?
A: Frameshift mutation
Cross Aa × Aa, what is the phenotype ratio?
A: 3:1