Solids
Compared to liquids and gases, this is very low
What is the kinetic energy of solid particles?
Compared to solids and gases, this is in-between
What is the kinetic energy of liquid particles?
Compared to solids and liquids, this is very high
What is the kinetic energy of gaseous particles?
When a liquid turns into a gas without reaching its boiling point
What is evaporation?
This is caused by evaporation of ocean water
What is humidity (water vapor in the air)?
Average kinetic energy
What is temperature?
These are versions of a solid that formed under different conditions
What are allotropes?
Gas molecules in contact with the liquid they came from
What is vapor?
These are the cause of the pressure any gas exerts on objects in the world
What are particle collisions?
The temperature where the vapor pressure is equal to the external pressure
What is the boiling point?
This process is why drops of water form on the outside of a cold drink on a warm day
What is condensation?
Theory that all particles are in constant motion
What is kinetic theory?
Crystalline solids form from these compounds
What are ionic compounds?
The force of the particles trying to escape the liquid into the vapor phase
What is vapor pressure?
This increases by speeding up the particles or reducing the size of what they are colliding with
What is pressure?
During a phase change, this stays the same
What is the temperature of the substance?
This is why ice in the freezer shrinks over time
What is sublimation?
The only temperature scale that is proportionate to KE
What is the Kelvin scale?
The temperature where the particles have enough KE to begin to move out of position
What is the melting point?
The term used to describe the continual and equal exchange of liquid particles with vapor particles
What is dynamic equilibrium?
Perfectly elastic collisions, solid spheres, no volume, no attraction to each other
What are some false assumptions made about gas particles?
Occurs when the vapor pressure is equal to (or greater than) the external pressure on a liquid
What is boiling?
This is why things left in the freezer for a long time tend to get frost on the outside (also why snow forms)
What is deposition?
This means that two things change in the same direction by the same multiple
What is proportional?
This is the regular, repeating part of a crystal that determines its shape
What is a unit cell?
These are broken, leading to liquids being less dense than solids (most of the time)
What are weak interparticulate attractions?
Fast, constant, random motion of the particles
What is the reason gases expand to fill their container?
Occurs when a solid passes into the gas phase without going through the liquid phase
What is sublimation?
Why things like gasoline and water tend to evaporate while things like grease and oil do not
What is low molecular mass?
Fahrenheit's scale and Celsius' scale
What are relative temperature scales?