States of Matter
What are the three common states of matter found on Earth?
Solid, liquid, and gas
True or False: All particles of matter are in constant motion according to the kinetic theory of matter.
True
What causes the pressure inside a closed container of gas?
Collisions between the gas particles and the walls of the container
What is the phase change from a liquid to a solid?
Freezing
What is a phase change?
A reversible physical change that takes place when a substance changes from one state of matter to another
In which state of matter does a material have a definite volume but no definite shape?
Liquid
What type of energy does an object have due to its motion?
Kinetic energy
Name the three main variables that affect the pressure of an enclosed gas.
Temperature, volume, and number of particles
What is the phase change from a gas to a liquid?
Condensation
What happens to the temperature of a substance during a phase change?
It remains constant
What is the state of matter where a material has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume?
Gas
True or False: There are forces of attraction among the particles in all matter.
True
If the volume and number of particles of a gas stay constant, what happens to gas pressure when temperature increases?
The pressure increases
What is the phase change in which a substance changes from a liquid into a gas?
Vaporization
What type of phase change occurs when a substance absorbs energy from its surroundings?
An endothermic change
What state of matter exists at extremely high temperatures, such as on the sun?
Plasma
Why can scientists ignore forces of attraction among particles in a gas under ordinary conditions?
The particles are far apart and moving fast, so the forces of attraction are too weak to have a noticeable effect.
What temperature on the Kelvin scale represents absolute zero?
0 K (or -273.15°C)
What is the phase change where a solid turns directly into a gas without becoming a liquid first (like dry ice)?
Sublimation
What type of phase change occurs when a substance releases heat to its surroundings (such as water freezing)?
An exothermic change
Describe the difference between particle arrangement in a solid versus a liquid.
Solids have particles packed close together in an orderly arrangement, while liquids have a more random arrangement.
Why do solids have a definite shape and volume?
Their particles vibrate around fixed locations.
State Charles's Law or write its main relationship.
The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature in kelvins (if pressure and particle count are constant).
What is deposition?
The phase change in which a gas changes directly into a solid without becoming a liquid first
What is the term for the amount of energy absorbed by 1 gram of ice as it melts?
Heat of fusion