Particle Model
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Matter
Define kinetic energy
the energy of motion
Define diffusion?
Diffusion is the spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Which state of matter has the highest kinetic energy?
Gas
Define physical properties
Characteristics (features) of matter that can be observed or measured
What are the 3 states of matter?
solid, liquid, gas
Does a solid have kinetic energy? Why or why not?
Why does the smell of perfume spread more quickly through air than food colouring spreads through water
Perfume spreads faster through the air because gas particles move more quickly and are farther apart than particles in water. Food colouring spreads more slowly because liquid particles move slower and are closer together.
What is the term for turning a solid to a liquid
melting
Define density
Density is the mass of substance per unit of volume.
The higher the density the more mass is present in the same space.
Describe how the particles are arranged in a solid?
Tightly packed
When moving from a solid to liquid to gas does kinetic energy increase or decrease? Explain why
Increase. Particles spread out and move more freely.
Describe the rate of diffusion when you put food colouring into hot water?
Diffusion happened quickly, food colouring spread out quickly.
Describe melting point, freezing point and boiling point?
Melting point: The fixed temperature at which a solid turns to a liquid.
Freezing point: The fixed temperature at which a liquid turns to a solid (same as melting point)
Boiling point: The fixed temperature at which a liquid turns to a gas- 100˚C for water.
Explain why matter expands when heated?
When matter is heated, its particles gain more energy and move around faster. The particles spread out more, so the matter takes up more space. This is called expansion.
Describe how the particles are arranged in a liquid?
Close together, not fixed. Can move.
Describe what happens when you heat particles?
Particles speed up and gain kinetic energy
Describe the rate of diffusion when you put the food colouring in the cold water?
Diffusion occurred slowly, food colouring spread out slowly.
Explain what happens during evaporation use the water cycle as an example
Evaporation happens when a liquid changes into a gas because it is heated. In the water cycle, the Sun heats water in oceans, lakes, and rivers. The water turns into water vapour and rises into the air. This water vapour later cools and forms clouds.
Define viscosity? What has a higher viscosity water or honey?
Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid (liquid or gas) to change shape. The more resistance the matter has, the more viscous it is said to be.
Describe how the particles are arranged in a gas?
Describe what happens when you cool particles?
Kinetic energy decreases
How did the experiment we did support the particle model?
mention movement of particles and kinetic energy
Explain what happens during condensation. Use a real world example
Condensation happens when a gas cools down and changes into a liquid. For example, when you take a cold drink out of the fridge, water vapour in the air cools when it touches the cold surface of the can or bottle. The water vapour turns into tiny drops of liquid water on the outside
What is compressibility?
Compressibility is a measure of how easily a substance’s volume can be reduced.
If a substance is compressible the particles within can be pushed together more tightly than they already are.