Stroke Basics
Which organ is affected by a stroke?
The brain
What is the most common and identifiable symptom of a stroke?
Sudden unilateral weakness or numbness
What is the #1 modifiable risk factor for stroke?
Hypertension
What clot-busting medication may be given to eligible ischemic stroke patients?
Alteplase (tPA) or tenecteplase (TNK).
What are the two main types of stroke?
Ischemic and Hemorrhagic
Which side of the brain controls the right side of the body?
Left hemisphere.
Name one heart rhythm that greatly increases stroke risk.
Atrial fibrilation
What imaging study must be completed before administering thrombolytics?
Non-contrast CT scan of the head
Which type of stroke accounts for approximately 87% of all strokes?
Ischemic stroke
Name two common stroke scales used by EMS or hospitals
NIH stroke Scale (NIHSS), Cincinnati Stroke Scale, BEFAST...
Smoking increases stroke by affecting what?
Blood vessels (atherosclerosis and clot formation)
What is the priority nursing action when a stroke patient arrives in the ED?
Rapid assessment and activation of the stroke protocol
What does the acronym FAST stand for?
Face drooping, arm weakness, speech difficulty, time to call 911.
A patient suddenly develops aphasia. Which hemisphere is most likely affected?
Left hemisphere - "L" for language
Name three modifiable stroke risk factors
Hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, high cholesterol, sedentary lifestyle, and alcohol/drug use.
After thrombolytic therapy, what complication should nurses monitor for most closely?
Bleeding, especially intracranial hemorrhage.
A transient neuroligic deficit that resolves within 24 hours (often much sooner) is called what?
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
What assessment finding would make you suspect increased intracranial pressure after a hemorrhagic stroke?
Decreased LOC, severe headache, vomiting, Cushing's triad, unequal pupils.
What type of medication is commonly prescribed for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation?
anticoagulants (warfarin, apixaban, rivaroxaban)
Why is swallowing assessed before giving food, water, or medication?
To prevent aspiration