Types of Strokes
"An acute focal neurologic deficit from a vascular that injures brain tissue" (Norris, 2019, p. 427)
What is a stroke?
A common cause of intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke.
What is hypertension?
This acronym describes the common signs and symptoms related to a stroke
B.E. F.A.S.T (balance, eyes, face, arm, speech, time)
This should be done in less than 20 minutes upon arrival to the Emergency Department for a patient showing signs and symptoms of a stroke.
What is a CT scan of the brain?
The initial priority for a patient with stroke.
What is maintain an airway?
The most common type of stroke
What is an ischemic stroke?
These make the cause of ischemic strokes bipartite.
What is an embolism or a thrombosis?
Loss of function and numbness on opposite leg, urinary incontinence with aphasia on affected side
What is the s/s of an anterior cerebral stoke?
This imaging can provide accuracy of location and size of the stroke.
What is a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)?
This is the maintained position is crucial in patients at risk for increased intracranial pressure.
What is a Semi-Fowler's position or head elevation above 30 degrees?
Bleeding into the brain as a result of a cerebral blood vessel rupture
What is a hemorrhagic stroke?
This is caused by failed development of capillaries in an embryonic brain.
What are arteriovenous malformations?
Altered level of consciousness, homonymous hemianopsia with the inability to look towards the paralyzed side, and contralateral facial droop
What are the s/s of a middle cerebral stroke?
This thrombolytic agent must be given within 3 hours of symptoms onset.
What is tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)?
This tool is used by nurses to assess neurologic changes.
What is the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)?
The definition of an ischemic stroke
What is an interruption of blood flow in a cerebral vessel?
Two common causes of a subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke.
What are aneurysms and head traumas?
Visual hallucinations, partial vision loss, and the act of repetition.
What are the s/s of a posterior cerebral stroke?
Recent studies show this plasminogen activator has focus on dissolving clots and lessen bleeding complications compared to tPA.
What is Tenecteplase (TNK)?
This plan of care is implemented into a patient with a stroke.
What is preventing further injury?
The outcome of cell hypoxia and depletion of cellular adenosine triphosphate
What is ischemia?
Arteriovenous malformations pathophysiology would be described as
What is a failed buffering in the capillary network which can result in increased arterial pressure and rupture or diversion of blood and impairing tissue perfusion? (Norris, 2019, p 430)
Neck rigidity, severe headache, and light sensitivity
What are the s/s of a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
These labs need to be drawn and analyzed the diagnose a stroke and help explain the cause.
What are platelet levels, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, thyroid hormone levels (hyperthyroidsim can cause atrial fibrillation which can lead to a clot formation), c-reactive protein, and ruling out stroke-like symptoms with hypoglycemia or hyponatremia.
This lab value may be elevated due to ischemia.
What is lactic acid?