Atomic Theories
What is a photon?
A quantum of light energy
What type of shape is an p orbital?
dumbbell-shape
What does the Aufbau principle state?
Electrons must be filled in the lower-energy atomic orbitals before being filled in higher-energy ones.
What does the acronym VSEPR stand for?
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion
List the following bonds from weakest to strongest:
London, ionic, ion-dipole, hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole
True or False: Bohr performed the Gold Foil experiment.
False, Rutherford performed the Gold Foil experiment
What are the four quantum numbers?
principle quantum number (n)
orbital angular momentum quantum number (l)
magnetic quantum number (ml)
electron spin quantum number (ms)
True or False: Hund's rule states that no two electrons can have the same 4 electronic quantum numbers.
False, Hund's rule states that every orbital in an atom is singly occupied before an any orbital is double occupied.
Which VSEPR shape has the formula, AX4E?
See-saw
Which liquid, propane or ethanol, would have the greatest surface tension? Explain.
Ethanol because of its greater intermolecular forces.
List the 5 atomic models, from oldest to newest, that were discussed in class.
Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr, Shrodinger
True or False: an orbital is a region of space around the nucleus where an electron is always found.
False: an orbital is a region of space around the nucleus where an electron is likely to be found.
What is the electron configuration of a chlorine atom in its lowest energy state?
1s22s22p63s23p5
Which of the following molecules or ions has a trigonal planar shape?
phosphorus trifluoride, nitrate ion, ammonia, sulfate ion
Nitrate ion
Calculate the electronegative difference of a S-O bond. Is this type of bond polar, non-polar, or ionic?
~0.9 and polar
True or False: a photon is released when an electron "drops" to a lower energy-level.
True
How many possible values of ml are there for l = 2? What are they?
5
(-2, -1, 0, +1, +2)
What does isoelectronic mean? Give an example of two species that are isoelectronic.
Two species (atoms/ions) have the same electronic structure or same number of electrons.
Answers may vary: Ne atom and Mg+2 ion
When are pi bonds created?
Pi bonds are created from side-by-side overlap of atomic orbitals.
How would you compare the properties of triple bonds from double bonds?
Triple bonds are shorter and stronger than double bonds
What experimental evidence led Bohr to believe that electrons can possess only specific amounts of energy?
Emission spectrum
What is the highest energy-sublevel of a gold atom?
5d
What is the electron configuration of a calcium ion in its lowest energy state?
Calcium ion will have a +2 charge (18 electrons). 1s22s22p63s23p6
What type of hybridization does the central sulphur atom have in SO2?
sp2 hybridization
True or False: all polar molecules must have polar bonds and all non-polar molecules must have non-polar bonds.
False. Non-polar molecules that are symmetrical can have polar bonds only. The dipoles of these polar bonds; however, can cancel out, resulting in a non-polar molecule (ex. CCl4)