General Effects
Misuse of drugs can cause changes in cognition, behavior, or emotions. May be due to intoxication. When it becomes excessive, can lead to this.
A Substance Use Disorder.
Drugs that have a calming effect on the central nervous system, including alcohol and benzodiazepines.
What are depressants?
BAC of 80 mg of alcohol per 100 ml of blood = 0.08%.
What is the legal limit of intoxication in all States but Utah? (In Utah, it is 0.05%.)
Medication that blocks the reinforcing properties of alcohol.
What is Naltrexone?
Caffeine & cocaine
What are 2 of the main drugs in the family of stimulants?
Repeated exposure to a drug causing it to be less effective, leading the person to want/need more of it to bring about the initial effect(s).
What is tolerance?
The neurotransmitter that is involved in the pleasurable aspects of most drugs and can lead to addiction.
What is Dopamine?
Alcohol withdrawal symptoms that can be lethal and typically include tremors, racing heart, hallucinations, confusion, etc., and are in need of medical supervision.
What are “delirium tremens”, withdrawal effects from alcohol?
Regular use of marijuana can lead to hallucinations, delusions, and other psychotic features, known as:
Cannabis-Induced Psychosis Disorder (CIPD)
Increase levels of dopamine, also used in treating ADHD in children.
What are amphetamines?
Alcohol stimulates receptors of this “inhibitory” neurotransmitter, which brings about the depressant effects.
What is GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid)?
Unpleasant and potentially dangerous effects following the cessation of a drug that has been addictive.
What are withdrawal symptoms?
With Alcohol: euphoria, increased talkativeness, mild excitement.
What are the initial features when beginning ingestion of alcohol (at 50-100 mg/100ml)?
A person's belief about the experiences that are likely to take place from substance use can influence the desire to use.
What is Expectancy Theory?
Opioid drug that brings about euphoria initially, but leads to agitation after the euphoria fades.
What is heroin?
Opioids bind to neuron receptors (opiate-type receptors) that normally receive messages from these that are naturally produced.
What are endorphins (& enkephalins)?
1) The amount of Fentanyl it takes to be lethal. 2) Approximate number of deaths annually from Fentanyl (& other opioids).
What is 2 mg? What is 100,000 or more?
Sedation, stupor, loss of understanding, blackout, unconsciousness.
What are the effects of alcohol at 200-290 mg/100ml?
Agonists for dopamine leading to cravings and reward/pleasure.
What is a stimulant?
Benzodiazepines such as Ativan and Xanax, which help to calm the nervous system down from panic, seizures, etc.
What are Anxiolytics (anti-anxiety) medications)?
Marijuana comes from the hemp plant (cannabis sativa) and contains this ingredient that causes the "high."
What is Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)?
Craving connected to changes in normal bodily functions.
What is physical dependence of a drug?
Causes buildup of the chemical acetaldehyde, which causes nausea when drinking alcohol.
What is Antabuse, aversion treatment for alcoholism?
A chemical that facilitates the binding of a neurotransmitter to its receptor, affecting the activity of that neurotransmitter.
What is an agonist?
Drugs which bring about significant changes in perceptual and sensory experiences.
What are hallucinogens?