Order
Nucleophiles and Electrophiles
Solvent
Reaction Mechanisms
Reactions
100
Which reactions are 1st order?
SN1 & E1
100
Which of the following is the worst nucleophile?
MeS−
MeNH−
MeOH
MeO−
MeSH
MeOH
100
Which solvent is commonly used in elimination reactions to promote the formation of alkene products?
The solvent commonly used in elimination reactions is aprotic polar solvents, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), or acetone.
100
What is the difference between an elimination and a substitution reaction in terms of their reaction mechanisms?
Elimination reactions involve the removal of a leaving group and a proton to form a double bond, whereas substitution reactions involve the replacement of a leaving group with a nucleophile or another substituent.
100
Which of the following statements regarding the E1 mechanism is wrong?
a) Reactions by the E1 mechanism are unimolecular in the rate-determining step.
b) Reactions by the E1 mechanism are generally first order.
c) Reactions by the E1 mechanism usually occur in one step.
d) Reactions by the E1 mechanism are multi-step reactions.
c) Reactions by the E1 mechanism usually occur in one step.
200
Which reactions are 2nd order?
SN2 & E2
200
Which of the following sentences correctly explains why iodide (I−) is a better nucleophile than fluoride (F−) in a polar protic solvent?
F−is more electronegative than I− which causes F− to interact more with the solvent (the more abundant substance) than with the target molecule.
F− is more electronegative than I− which causes F− to interact more with the target molecule than with the solvent (the more abundant molecule).
F− is less electronegative than I− which causes F− to interact more with the solvent (the more abundant substance) than with the target molecule.
F− is less electronegative than I− which causes F− to interact more with the target molecule than with the solvent (the more abundant molecule).
F−is more electronegative than I− which causes F− to interact more with the solvent (the more abundant substance) than with the target molecule.
200
What type of solvent favors substitution reactions over elimination reactions?
Polar protic solvents, such as water, ethanol, or methanol, favor substitution reactions over elimination reactions due to their ability to solvate the nucleophile and stabilize the transition state.
200
What are the two main types of elimination reactions and how do they differ?
The two main types of elimination reactions are E1 and E2. E1 reactions are unimolecular and involve the formation of a carbocation intermediate, whereas E2 reactions are bimolecular and involve the simultaneous removal of a leaving group and a proton.
200
Which of the following reacts by the E1 mechanism in ethanol most readily?
a) CH3CH2CH2CH2Br
b) (CH3)2CHCH2Br
c) (CH3)3CBr
d) 
c) (CH3)3CBr
300
What is the definition of a second order reaction?
the rate of the reaction is dependent on the concentration of both the nucleophile AND the structure of the starting material.
300
Which of the following compounds can be considered a Lewis base?
BH3
NH3
AlCl3
CH4
CO2
NH3
300
In which type of solvent do SN2 reactions occur more rapidly, polar aprotic or polar protic?
SN2 reactions occur more rapidly in polar aprotic solvents, due to the lack of solvation of the nucleophile and the high polarity of the solvent which stabilizes the transition state.
300
What is the difference between an SN1 and an SN2 reaction in terms of their reaction mechanisms?
SN1 reactions are unimolecular and involve the formation of a carbocation intermediate, whereas SN2 reactions are bimolecular and involve the simultaneous attack of a nucleophile and displacement of a leaving group.
300
Which is the main product of the following reaction?
a) 
b) 
c) 
d) 
b)
400
True or False: the potential energy diagram of an SN2 reaction has intermediates.
False
400
Which of these qualities applies to a good nucleophile?
Is a conjugate acid
More bulky
Less bulky
Wants to accept electrons
Less Bulky
400
Which solvent is commonly used in SN1 reactions to increase the rate of reaction?
Polar protic solvents, such as water, ethanol, or methanol, are commonly used in SN1 reactions to increase the rate of reaction by stabilizing the intermediate carbocation.
400
What is the difference between a primary, secondary, and tertiary carbon in terms of their reactivity in substitution and elimination reactions?
Primary carbons are the most reactive towards substitution and elimination reactions, followed by secondary carbons, and then tertiary carbons. This is due to the increased steric hindrance at tertiary carbons, which makes it more difficult for a nucleophile or a base to attack.
400
Which is the main product of the following reaction?
a) 
b) 
c) 
d) 
d)
500
True or False: The concentration of the nucleophile affects the rate law of a first order reaction like SN1.
False
500
Which of the following is least likely to result in substitution when added to a secondary halide.
KOH
NaOC(CH3)3
NaOCH2CH3
OH
NaOH
NaOC(CH3)3
500
What type of solvent is preferred for E1 reactions over E2 reactions?
Aprotic polar solvents, such as DMSO, DMF, or acetone, are preferred for E1 reactions over E2 reactions due to the increased stability of the carbocation intermediate.
500
What is a concerted reaction and how is it different from a stepwise reaction?
A concerted reaction is a reaction where all bond breaking and bond forming events occur simultaneously in a single transition state. This is different from a stepwise reaction, which involves the formation of one or more intermediates before the final product is formed. E2 reactions are typically concerted, whereas SN2 reactions are typically stepwise.
500
Which is the main alkene product in the following reaction?
a) 
b) 
c) 
d) 
a)