Random
Give an example of a pioneer species
Lichen (algae & fungi)
What is an inheritable trait that increases an individual's fitness? Examples: blubber on polar bear, long thin beak on hummingbirds
Adaptation
What type of relationship involves a parasite and a host organism?
Parasitism (benefits one, harms the other)
Is primary succession faster than secondary succession?
No, false
What is a visual representation of feeding relationships and energy flow called?
Food web
What are pioneer species?
The first species to live in newly exposed land after primary succession. Example: lichens or moss
How did the dark fur color appear in rock pocket mice? (What is a random change in DNA?)
A mutation
mutualism (both benefit)
Give an example of a disturbance that results in primary succession?
A volcano erupting or a meteorite hitting Earth or a glacier wiping out everything
How is photosynthesis different from chemosynthesis?
Photosynthesis uses light to make sugar.
Chemosynthesis uses chemicals (hydrogen sulfide) to produce sugar.
What is kudzu plant an example of? It took over the South, has grown rapidly, and is originally from Japan.
Invasive species
Describe evolution:
A change in the genes of a population over time.
Identify the type of symbiotic relationship:
Orchids grow in tall trees. Orchids can get sunlight from that tall location, and the trees are not harmed.
Commensalism (Orchid benefits but tree is unaffected)
A lichen is the first species in a secondary community. True or False?
False
Differentiate between detritivores, herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores?
Detritivores eat nonliving organic matter
Herbivores eat plants
Carnivores eat other animals
Omnivores eat both plants and animals
How can nonnative species outcompete native species?
Invasive species do not have natural predators, and will be able to reproduce rapidly.
How reproductively successful an organism is in its environment is called?
Fitness
What is it called when different species share a common resource by using it in different ways? Example: woodpeckers sharing a tree by using it in different ways.
Resource partitioning
Name one disturbance that could cause a primary succession and one that could cause a secondary succession.
Primary succession disturbance: volcano erupting, meteorite hitting Earth, glacier taking everything in it's path.
Secondary succession disturbance: Wildfire, hurricane, tornado, farming, deforestation
Differentiate between autotrophs and heterotrophs.
An autotroph can make its own food via photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
A heterotroph must consume other organisms to obtain energy.
What are the 3 conditions that must exist in order for natural selection to occur?
1. Organisms produce more offspring than can survive.
2.Individuals of a species have variation in a trait.
3. Individuals vary in their fitness. (some survive and reproduce more than others).
Differentiate between artificial selection and natural selection? Give an example of both.
Artificial selection involves humans selecting which traits will be selected for. Example: Dog breeds
Natural Selection involves nature selecting traits that help an organism survive in it's environment. Example: Rock pocket mice, peppered moths
Differentiate between mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.
Mutualism: benefits both species
Commensalism: 1 species benefits and no effect on the other species
Parasitism: Parasite benefits and hurts the host species
What are 3 differences between primary and secondary succession?
Primary succession: Starts from bare rock, occurs when a major disturbance happens (volcano), and takes much longer (100+ years)
Secondary succession: Starts with soil (biotic factors), occurs when smaller disturbance happens (tornado, wildfire), and takes less time
In a food web, where should you find the most biomass?
The producers should have the most biomass because you need a lot of autotrophs (plants/plankton) to support the entire food web.