GNG Regulation
This enzyme regulates the dephosphorylation of fructose-1,6- bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate.
What is fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase?
This is the state the PDH complex is in when it is dephosphorylated.
What is active?
What is NADH?
This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of citrate to isocitrate
What is aconitase?
This substrate is formed from isocitrate by the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase.
What is alpha-ketoglutarate?
What is glucagon?
This is the electrolyte that allosterically stimulates dephosphorylation of the PDH complex.
What is calcium?
This PDH complex product is the starting point of the TCA cycle, making it a positive regulator of the latter as well
What is acetyl CoA?
This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of succinyl CoA to succinate.
What is succinyl CoA synthetase?
This substrate is formed from succinate by the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase.
What is fumarate?
Glucagon increases the genetic transcription of this enzyme specific to gluconeogenesis
What is PEP-carboxykinase?
This is the enzyme that is responsible for dephosphorylating the PDH complex
What is PDH phosphatase?
What is down-regulate?
This enzyme is responsible for converting malate into oxaloacetate at the end of the citric acid cycle.
What is malate dehydrogenase?
This substrate is formed by union of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate.
What is citrate?
The enzyme that catalyzes this reaction is called citrate synthase. Dead give-away.
What is fructose-2,6-bisphosphate?
This substrate indirectly activates the PDH complex
What is pyruvate?
High concentrations of ADP and inorganic phosphate will act on the TCA cycle in this manner
What is up-regulate?
This enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl coA.
What is alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase?
This substrate is formed by the oxidation of alpha-ketoglutarate via alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
What is succinyl CoA?
During fasting, adipose tissue is catabolized into this compound that activates pyruvate decarboxylase.
What is Acetyl CoA?
This substrate is the final product of the PDH complex and indirectly inactivates it.
What is Acetyl CoA
Bonus: what else indirectly inactivates the PDH complex? Why?
High levels of succinyl CoA will act on alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase in this manner
What is down-regulate?
This enzyme is responsible for converting fumarate to malate.
What is fumarase?
What is isocitrate?