Vocabulary
The total time elapsed from the moment a purchase order is formally placed until the goods are delivered and ready for use.
Lead Time
Under this 3-letter Incoterm rule, the seller assumes maximum responsibility, paying all transport costs, risks, import duties, and taxes to the buyer’s door.
Delivery Duty Pay (DDP)
Convert this sentence to passive voice:
"The logistics manager ships the microchips via air freight."
The microchips are shipped via air freight (by the logistics manager).
This phenomenon occurs when minor fluctuations in retail demand cause massively exaggerated orders upstream to raw material suppliers.
Bullwhip Effect
In APA 7th edition, student paper title pages must include double-spacing, bold title, student name, instructor name, date, and this institutional detail.
Department/ University name.
An inventory management strategy where materials are ordered and received only as they are needed in production to minimize storage costs.
Just In Time (JIT)
Under EXW (Ex Works), this party bears all shipping costs, risk, and customs responsibilities from the seller’s warehouse onward.
The buyer
Identify the cause-and-effect connector in this sentence:
"Production was halted owing to a major port strike in Europe."
owing to
A Tier-3 supplier in a smartphone supply chain extracts these basic resources from the earth.
Metals (copper, lithium, gold, rare metals).
How do you correctly format an in-text parenthetical citation for a source written by Grace Smith and Liu Zhang in 2024?
(Smith & Zang, 2024)
Extra inventory held in reserve to protect against unexpected supplier delays or sudden spikes in consumer demand.
Buffer Stock
Under the FOB (Free on Board) rule, risk transfers from the seller to the buyer as soon as the cargo is loaded here.
On board the vessel/ ship. At the port of origin.
Fill in the blank with a formal connector:
"Raw copper is processed in Chile; ____________, it is exported to China for assembly."
subsequently/ consequently
A direct vendor that delivers fully assembled components (like completed engines or screen displays) directly to the OEM is classified as this tier.
Tier 1 supplier.
When citing a work with 3 or more authors in-text using APA 7th edition, you list the first author followed immediately by this abbreviation.
(... et al.)
A point of congestion or constraint in a manufacturing system that slows down the capacity of the entire operation.
Bottleneck
These official trade rules are published by this international organization to standardize global buyer and seller responsibilities.
The (ICC) International Chamber of Commerce.
Correct the passive verb error in this sentence:
"The Bill of Lading was issue yesterday by the carrier."
"The Bill of Lading was issued yesterday by the carrier."
Name two potential causes of a major supply chain disruption.
Port strikes, natural disasters/typhoons, cyberattacks, geopolitical conflicts, or pandemics
What is required in each beginning of a paragraph of the text according to the APA 7th edition?
Indentation
The practice of relocating manufacturing operations or vendor contracts to a nearby neighboring country to reduce lead times and shipping risks.
Nearshoring
Name the primary difference between CIF and FOB regarding what the seller must provide for maritime freight.
Under CIF, the seller pays freight and insurance to the destination port; under FOB, the buyer pays ocean freight and insurance.
Give two formal academic synonyms for the informal cause connector "because of".
Due to / owing to/ as a result of.
Give two concrete solutions a company can implement to protect itself against pure JIT model vulnerabilities during overseas shipping delays.
Holding buffer stock (safety stock), nearshoring production, or switching transport modes (e.g., ocean to air freight)
What are the two types of citations?
In text citation.
Narrative citation.