Documents 1
The civil rights movement will ultimately be successful because "the goal of America is freedom."
Letter from a Birmingham Jail
a strong, united republic would be more effective than the individual states at controlling “factions”
Federalist 10
Maryland decided to pass a law that imposed taxes on bank and the bank decided not to pay the tax.
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
The Nixon Administration tried to prevent the New York Times from publishing material that belonged to a Defense Department study about US Intervention in Vietnam
New York Times Co v. United States (1971)
The court held that "separate but equal is inherently unequal" and therefore racial segregation of public schools is unconstitutional
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
All people created equal (Natural Rights of Life, Liberty, Property)
Declaration of Independence
Argues that unity in the executive branch is a main ingredient for both energy and safety. Energy arises from the proceedings of a single person, characterized by, "decision, activity, secrecy, and dispatch,"
Federalist 70
Texas high school senior who took a weapon inside his school and a violation of Gun-Free Zones Act of 1990
United States v. Lopez (1995)
The Supreme Court held that the Espionage Act did not violate the first amendment and it was an appropriate exercise of the Congress Wartime authority
Schenck v. United States (1919)
The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 had previously banned corporations from independent political spending and direct contributions to campaigns to political parties.
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commision (2010)
Could not force taxation; No standing Army
Articles of Confederation
Without an independent judiciary, any rights reserved to the people by the Constitution “would amount to nothing,” since the legislature cannot be relied upon to police itself.
Federalist 78
The court held that states could not hold prayers in school.
Engel v. Vitale (1962)
Requested a court appointed lawyer but the defendant could only have an attorney in the capital crimes/cases.
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
Tennessee's general assembly had been ignored and stated that reapportionment did not take account into the significant change that the state had gone through.
Baker v. Carr (1962)
Outline of federal gov’t structure, powers, and limits to those powers
Constitution
Rights not listed are NOT denied to the People
Bill of Rights
Amish parents refused to send their children to school until after 8th grade.
Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)
The Supreme court held that a woman's right to abortion fell within the right of privacy that was protected by the 14th amendment.
Roe v. Wade (1973)
Several North Carolina residents challenged a proposed unusually shaped district. They believed that the only purpose of the district was that it would definitely elect African American representatives.
Shaw v. Reno (1992)
Proposes a government broken into three branches: Executive, Legislative, and Judicial.
Federalist 51
The Supreme Court held that students still have free speech rights at school.
Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)
DC Handgun ban violation of the second amendment
McDonald v. Chicago (2010)
Marbury v. Madison (1803)