Basic Pharmacology
What term refers to the study of drugs and their interactions with living organisms?
Pharmacology
What type of anesthesia is commonly used for minor surgical procedures, such as dental work?
Local anesthesia
Why are prophylactic antibiotics administered before surgery?
To prevent surgical site infections.
What is the difference between analgesia and anesthesia?
Analgesia relieves pain, while anesthesia induces loss of sensation.
What is an adverse drug reaction?
Unintended and harmful reactions to medications.
Name one type of drug administration route commonly used in surgical settings.
Intravenous (IV), Intramuscular (IM), Subcutaneous (SC), Oral, etc.
Name one inhalation anesthetic commonly used in surgical procedures.
Isoflurane, Sevoflurane, Desflurane, etc.
Name one common antibiotic used for surgical prophylaxis.
Cefazolin, Clindamycin, Gentamicin, etc.
Name one opioid antagonist used to reverse the effects of opioids.
Naloxone
Define "anaphylaxis" in the context of drug reactions.
A severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction.
What is the purpose of a preoperative antibiotic in surgical procedures?
To prevent surgical site infections.
What is the primary purpose of neuromuscular blocking agents in surgery?
To induce muscle relaxation and facilitate intubation.
What is the recommended timing for administering preoperative antibiotics?
Within 60 minutes before incision.
What is the purpose of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in postoperative pain management?
Allows patients to self-administer pain medication within preset limits.
What is the role of the surgical technologist in preventing and managing adverse drug reactions?
Recognize signs of reactions, communicate to the surgical team, and assist in implementing appropriate interventions.
Define "pharmacokinetics" in the context of drug action.
The study of how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes drugs.
What is the reversal agent for opioids?
Naloxone
Why is it essential to choose the right antibiotic for surgical prophylaxis?
To target the likely pathogens and minimize resistance.
Define the term "multimodal analgesia."
Using a combination of analgesic medications with different mechanisms of action to provide effective pain relief.
What is the difference between side effects and adverse drug reactions?
Side effects are expected and often mild, while adverse drug reactions are unintended and can be severe.
Name a commonly used analgesic (pain reliever) in surgical settings.
Morphine, Fentanyl, Acetaminophen, etc.
Which class of drugs is commonly used for conscious sedation during minor surgical procedures?
Benzodiazepines (e.g., Midazolam)
What are the potential complications of inappropriate antibiotic use in surgery?
Antibiotic resistance, allergic reactions, and superinfections.
Name one non-opioid analgesic commonly used in postoperative pain management.
Acetaminophen, NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen)
Name one type of drug that commonly causes nephrotoxicity (kidney damage) as an adverse reaction.
Aminoglycoside antibiotics, NSAIDs, etc