Covalent Bonds
What type of metals usually form covalent bonds?
Nonmetals
What makes a bond polar?
When the atoms in the bond have different electronegativities.
Which type of carbon - carbon bonds are possible?
Single, Double, Triple, All
Carbon - Carbon bonds have all of the above.
Single, double, or triple
What does VSEPR stand for?
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Model.
In order for something to be considered a binary acid what does it need to contain?
Hydrogen and one other element
Why are single bonds the least reactive type of covalent bonds?
They possess the lowest electron density.
Which direction does the polar arrow point in a covalent bonds?
Towards the atom with the highest electronegativity.
Pi Bonds involve the electrons in the leftover _______ for each carbon atom.
p orbital
How does hybridization occur?
Fusion/combining of 2 orbitals into a hybrid orbital.
An oxyanion is what type of ion?
Polyatomic ion that contains oxygen
What two factors determine the strength of a covalent bond, be specific
The bond length and size of atom determine the strength of the bond. The shorter the bond length and the smaller the atom the stronger the bond.
What are the qualifications for a covalent bond to be considered nonpolar?
When the atoms share electrons equally due to the bonds possessing similar electronegativities.
Which combination of bonds is stronger?
2 Sigma or 2 Pi Bonds
2 Sigma Bonds
Which of the following elements are capable of forming molecules in which an atom has an expanded octet?
B, O, C, P, Se
Phosphorus (P) and Selenium (Se) are both capable of forming an expanded octet. The other elements are from period 2 so their outer shell is not available for bonding.
Name the VSEPR model for Methane.
Tetrahedral
What type of energy is needed to separate the electron that is most loosely bonded to the atoms?
Ionization energy
Which of the following bonds would be the most polar? C-O , C-F , C-S , C-Br
C-F
Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons. The polarity depends on the electronegativity difference of the constituent atoms.
Since carbon is was a constant in all the options the polarity would depend on the electronegativity of the other elements. Thus Fluorine is the MOST electronegative element. Hence it has the greatest electronegativity difference.
True/False: Single bonds consist of one sigma bond and one pi bond, and double bonds consist of on sigma and two pi bonds
False
Hybridization forms hybrid orbitals through mixing atomic orbitals. These new hybrid orbitals can vary in ________ and _______.
Energy and Shape
Name HF
Hydrofluoric Acid
Which type of bonds are the least reactive?
Single, double or triple?
Single
Does polarity impact a molecules chemical properties?
Yes/True
How is a sigma bond formed?
It is formed by head on overlapping between atomic orbitals
What is an orbital as referenced in hybridization?
An orbital surrounds the nucleus and depicts the likely location of electron placement for the respective element.
What is the Prefix for 7 atoms?
Hepta