Atomic Artists
Draw the Bohr-Rutherford diagram for a neutral atom of oxygen.
Oxygen has 8 protons, 8 neutrons in the nucleus, and 2 electrons in the first shell and 6 in the second shell.
What type of elements typically form ionic compounds?
Metals and non-metals.
What is the name of the compound Na₂S?
sodium sulfide
What does the term 'multivalent' mean?
It refers to metals that can form ions with different charges (e.g., iron can be Fe²⁺ or Fe³⁺).
What is a polyatomic ion?
A charged ion made up of two or more atoms covalently bonded together.
What does the Lewis dot diagram of carbon look like?
Carbon has 4 dots around the chemical symbol 'C' (each dot representing a valence electron)
Explain what happens during the formation of NaCl in terms of electron transfer.
Sodium loses one electron to become Na⁺, and chlorine gains an electron to become Cl⁻. These oppositely charged ions attract to form NaCl.
Write the chemical formula for magnesium fluoride.
MgF₂
Name the multivalent metal in CuCl₂ and its charge.
Copper (Cu²⁺), with a charge of 2+.
What is the chemical formula for ammonium?
NH₄⁺.
How many valence electrons does a sulfur atom have? Represent it using a Lewis diagram.
Sulfur has 6 valence electrons, shown as 6 dots around the chemical symbol 'S'
Is MgCl₂ an ionic compound? Explain why.
Yes, because magnesium (Mg²⁺) transfers electrons to two chlorine atoms (Cl⁻), resulting in an ionic bond.
What is the name of the compound formed between barium and oxygen?
Barium oxide.
Write the formula for lead (IV) oxide.
PbO₂
Name the polyatomic ion in sodium carbonate.
Carbonate (CO₃²⁻).
Draw the Bohr-Rutherford diagram for a sodium ion.
The sodium ion (Na⁺) has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and no electrons in its outermost shell (it loses 1 electron), leaving 2 electrons in the first shell and 8 in the second shell.
Describe what makes a compound an electrolyte.
A compound that dissolves in water to produce ions, allowing the solution to conduct electricity.
Name the compound FeCl₂
Iron (II) chloride
Name the compound SnO₂.
tin (IV) oxide.
What is the charge on the acetate ion?
-1: (C₂H₃O₂⁻ or CH₃COO⁻).
What is the key difference between Bohr-Rutherford diagrams and Lewis dot diagrams?
Bohr-Rutherford diagrams show all electrons in their shells, while Lewis dot diagrams only represent the valence electrons.
Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity when dissolved in water?
When dissolved, ionic compounds dissociate into positive and negative ions, which move freely and carry an electrical charge through the solution.
Name the compound Cu₂O
Copper (I) oxide
Why is it important to include the charge of multivalent metals in the compound’s name?
Because multivalent metals can form more than one type of ion, indicating the charge avoids ambiguity in the compound's chemical identity.
Write the chemical formula for calcium phosphate.
Ca₃(PO₄)₂.