Wireline & Wireless
This generation of cellular network technology introduced widespread high-speed mobile broadband around 2010.
What is 4G (or LTE)?
This amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects citizens against unreasonable searches and seizures.
What is the Fourth Amendment?
This celestial network of orbiting spacecraft allows GPS receivers to determine their exact location on Earth.
What are GPS (Global Positioning System) satellites?
This legal term refers to a crime punishable by death or imprisonment for a term exceeding one year.
What is a felony?
This three-digit emergency telephone number was designated as the universal emergency number in the United States.
What is 911?
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulates interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and this in the United States.
What is cable (or internet/broadband)?
Established by the 1966 Supreme Court case Miranda v. Arizona, police must inform suspects of these rights before custodial interrogation.
What are Miranda rights (or the right to remain silent)?
Fiber-optic cables transmit data using pulses of this phenomenon instead of electrical currents.
What is light?
In criminal law, this Latin term translates to "guilty mind" and represents the mental state required to commit a crime.
What is mens rea?
This automated system logs and dispatches police, fire, and EMS calls using computerized mapping and caller location data.
What is CAD (Computer-Aided Dispatch)?
This 19th-century invention by Alexander Graham Bell transformed long-distance voice communication.
What is the telephone?
This landmark 1803 Supreme Court case established the principle of judicial review in the United States.
What is Marbury v. Madison?
This type of orbit matches the Earth's rotation, making a satellite appear stationary over a fixed spot on the equator.
What is a geostationary orbit?
Unlawful wiretapping or intercepting electronic communications without a warrant generally violates this federal electronic privacy act.
What is the Wiretap Act (or Electronic Communications Privacy Act / ECPA)?
This forensic process involves the recovery and investigation of material found in digital devices, often in relation to computer crime.
What is digital forensics (or computer forensics)?
This law enacted in 1996 fundamentally updated U.S. telecommunications policy to promote competition and opened local telephone markets.
What is the Telecommunications Act of 1996?
This doctrine says that evidence collected or analyzed in violation of the defendant's constitutional rights is inadmissible for a criminal prosecution.
What is the exclusionary rule (or fruit of the poisonous tree)?
This old analog television broadcast standard in North America was phased out in 2009 in favor of digital signals.
What is NTSC?
This federal law makes it illegal to access a computer without authorization or to exceed authorized access to obtain classified or financial data.
What is the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA)?
This telecommunication standard allows public safety agencies to track whether a mobile phone caller is inside a specific sector or building using triangulation.
What is Enhanced 911 (E911)?
This networking standard, defined by IEEE 802.11, allows electronic devices to connect to a WLAN using radio waves.
What is Wi-Fi?
This Latin phrase means "you have the body" and is a court order demanding that a public official deliver an imprisoned person to the court.
What is habeas corpus?
This mathematical theorem by Claude Shannon defines the maximum rate of error-free data transmitted over a given bandwidth in the presence of noise.
What is the Shannon–Hartley theorem?
This 1986 law updated wiretap rules to protect digital data in storage, such as emails stored on a service provider's server.
What is the Stored Communications Act?
This database maintained by the FBI serves as a national computerized index of criminal justice information (such as warrants and stolen property).
What is NCIC (National Crime Information Center)?