Mitochondria and Plastids
This reactive molecule is produced during some oxidation reactions inperoxisomes.
hydrogen peroxide
These membrane-bound compartments can store water, nutrients, waste products, or substances needed by the cell.
vacuoles
In order from the outside toward the inside of neighboring plant cells, these three structures are arranged in this general order.
middle lamella → primary cell wall → secondary cell wall
A hormone binds to a membrane receptor, causing an intracellular signalingcascade.
signal transduction
This type of membrane protein forms a passageway that allows specific ions or molecules to cross the membrane.
channel protein
If the inner membrane were smooth instead of folded, the mitochondrion wouldhave less of this available for oxidative phosphorylation.
membrane surface area
A cell that produces large amounts of proteins for secretion would be expected to have abundant amounts of this type of ER.
rough ER
The ECM can influence cell behavior by transmitting signals through these structures that connect the ECM to the cell's cytoskeleton.
integrins
wo membranes are identical except Membrane A has 16-carbon tails and Membrane B has 20-carbon tails. At the same temperature, which membrane should bemore fluid?
Membrane A, because shorter hydrocarbon tails have weaker hydrophobic interactions?
Unlike channel proteins, these transport proteins bind to a substance and change shape to move it across the membrane
carrier proteins
The separation of the citric acid cycle from oxidative phosphorylation allows mitochondria to maintain different chemical conditions in different regions.
compartmentalization
The directional organization of the Golgi can be summarized as ER → this side → Golgi → this side → destination.
cis and trans
The ECM can integrate external and internal changes by connecting extracellularmolecules to the cell's ________, allowing signals to affect cell behavior.
cytoskeleton
A protein is attached to the cytoplasmic surface of a membrane but does not penetrate the hydrophobic core. Classify it.
peripheral membrane protein
This process occurs when the movement of one substance down its electrochemical gradient provides the energy to transport another substance against its gradient.
cotransport
A cell lacking functional peroxisomes could accumulate unusually long fatty acids because this organelle normally initiates their breakdown.
β-oxidation of very-long-chain fatty acids
A white blood cell can engulf a bacterium and eventually use lysosomal enzymes to digest it; this is an example of this type of intracellular digestion.
digestion of material brought into the cell
This type of animal junction connects cells to the extracellular matrix rather than directly connecting two neighboring cells.
hemidesmosomes
A cell loses a specific carbohydrate on its surface but its membrane proteins and phospholipids remain unchanged. Which membrane function could be directly disrupted?
cell-cell recognition
A cell needs to move glucose across its membrane from high concentration to low concentration using a membrane protein but no ATP. This is an example of this process.
facilitated diffusion
A researcher destroys the inner mitochondrial membrane while leaving the outer membrane intact. The citric acid cycle may initially continue, but this major process would fail.
oxidative phosphorylation
A freshwater protist uses this type of vacuole to prevent itself from filling with toomuch water.
contractile vacuole
Anchors an animal cell to the extracellular matrix.
hemidesmosome
A mutation prevents glycosylation of several proteins in the Golgi. Predict a likely consequence for the plasma membrane.
altered cell-surface recognition because membrane glycoproteinswould lack some of their normal carbohydrate chains
During this process, a vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and releases itscontents outside the cell.
exocytosis