Cellular Respiration
Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) in aerobic cellular respiration?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 18-24
D) 30-32
D) 30-32
The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with
A)light energy.
B) CO2 and ATP.
C) H2O and NADPH.
D) ATP and NADPH.
D) ATP and NADPH.
G1is associated with which of the following cellular events?
A) normal growth and cell function
B) DNA replication
C) the beginning of mitosis
D) break down of the nuclear membrane
A) normal growth and cell function
A human cell containing 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome is
A) a sperm.
B) an egg.
C) a zygote.
D) a somatic cell of a male.
A) a sperm.
What was the most significant conclusion that Gregor Mendel drew from his experiments with pea plants?
A) There is considerable genetic variation in garden peas.
B) Traits are inherited in discrete units and are not the result of "blending."
C) Recessive genes occur more frequently in the F1generation than do dominant ones.
D) Genes are composed of DNA
B) Traits are inherited in discrete units and are not the result of "blending."
Which of the following statements best describes the primary role played by oxygen in cellular respiration?
A) It yields energy in the form of ATP as it is passed down the electron transport chain.
B) It oxidizes glucose to form two molecules of pyruvate.
C) It serves as an acceptor for carbon, forming CO2in the citric acid cycle.
D) It serves as the final acceptor for electrons from the electron transport chain.
D) It serves as the final acceptor for electrons from the electron transport chain.
Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs?
A) Autotrophs, but not heterotrophs, can nourish themselves beginning with CO2
and other nutrients that are inorganic.
B) Only heterotrophs require chemical compounds from the environment.
C) Cellular respiration is unique to heterotrophs.
D) Only heterotrophs have mitochondria.
A) Autotrophs, but not heterotrophs, can nourish themselves beginning with CO2
and other nutrients that are inorganic.
Eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of which of the following macromolecules?
A) DNA and RNA
B) DNA only
C) DNA and proteins
D) DNA and phospholipids
C) DNA and proteins
Which of the following statements correctly describes a karyotype?
A) It is a display of all of the cell types in an organism.
B) It is an organized image of a cell's chromosomes.
C) It reveals the appearance of an organism.
D) It is a display of a cell's mitotic stages
B) It is an organized image of a cell's chromosomes.
Mendel continued some of his experiments into the F2 or F3 generation in order to ________.
A) obtain a larger number of offspring on which to base statistics
B) observe whether or not a recessive trait would reappear
C) observe whether or not the dominant trait would reappear
D) distinguish which alleles were segregating
B) observe whether or not a recessive trait would reappear
Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule?
A) the citric acid cycle
B) the electron transport chain
C) glycolysis
D) reduction of pyruvate to lactate
C) glycolysis
In a plant, which of the following reactions produce molecular oxygen (O2)?
A) the light reactions alone
B) the Calvin cycle alone
C) the light reactions and the Calvin cycle
D) neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle
A) the light reactions alone
At which phase of the cell cycle do centrioles begin to move apart in animal cells?
A) anaphase
B) telophase
C) metaphase
D) prophase
D) prophase
Which of the following processes facilitates the fastest way for organisms to adapt to a changing environment?
A) mutation
B) asexual reproduction
C) sexual reproduction
D) mitosis
C) sexual reproduction
In some parts of Africa, the frequency of heterozygosity for the sickle-cell anemia allele is unusually high, presumably because this reduces the frequency of malaria. Such a relationship is related to which of the following?
A) Mendel's law of independent assortment
B) Mendel's law of segregation
C) Darwin's explanation of natural selection
D) the malarial parasite changing the allele
C) Darwin's explanation of natural selection
Why is glycolysis considered to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved?
A) It produces much less ATP than does oxidative phosphorylation.
B) It does not involve organelles or specialized structures, does not require oxygen, and is present in most organisms.
C) It is present in prokaryotic cells but not in eukaryotic cells.
D) It requires the presence of membrane-enclosed cell organelles found only in eukaryotic cells.
It does not involve organelles or specialized structures, does not require oxygen, and is present in most organisms.
Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of electrons during photosynthesis?
A) NADPH → O2→ CO2
B) H2O → NADPH → Calvin cycle
C) NADPH → chlorophyll → Calvin cycle
D) NADPH → electron transport chain → O2
B) H2O → NADPH → Calvin cycle
If there are 40 centromeres in a cell at anaphase of mitosis, how many chromosomes will be found in each daughter cell following cytokinesis?
A) 10
B) 20
C) 40
D) 80
B) 20
Which of the following events happens at the conclusion of meiosis I?
A) Homologous chromosomes of a pair are separated from each other.
B) The chromosome number per cell remains the same.
C) Sister chromatids are separated.
D) Four daughter cells are formed.
A) Homologous chromosomes of a pair are separated from each other.
An obstetrician knows that one of her patients is a pregnant woman whose fetus is at risk for a serious disorder that is detectable biochemically in fetal cells. The obstetrician would most reasonably offer which of the following procedures to her patient?
A) karyotyping of the woman's somatic cells
B) X-ray
C) amniocentesis or CVS
D) blood transfusion
C) amniocentesis or CVS
In chemiosmosis, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + P(i) to ATP?
A) energy released as electrons flow through the electron transport chain
B) energy released from substrate-level phosphorylation
C) energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase, down their electrochemical gradient
D) energy released as electrons are transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane
C) energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase, down their electrochemical gradient
How is photosynthesis similar in C4plants and CAM plants?
A) In both cases, only photosystem I is used.
B) Both types of plants make sugar without the Calvin cycle.
C) In both cases, rubisco is not used to fix carbon initially.
D) Both types of plants make most of their sugar in the dark.
C) In both cases, rubisco is not used to fix carbon initially.
What two components constitute an active MPF?A) a growth factor and mitotic factor
A) a growth factor and mitotic factor
B) ATP synthetase and a protease
C) cyclin and tubulin
D) cyclin and a cyclin-dependent kinase
D) cyclin and a cyclin-dependent kinase
Independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of which of the following processes?
A) the random way each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I
B) the random combinations of eggs and sperm during fertilization
C) the random distribution of the sister chromatids to the two daughter cells during anaphase II
D) the diverse combination of alleles that may be found within any given chromosome
A) the random way each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I
Why did all of the F1 offspring of Mendel's classic pea cross always look like one of the two parental varieties?
A) No genes interacted to produce the parental phenotype.
B) Each allele affected phenotypic expression.
C) The traits blended together during fertilization.
D) One allele was dominant
D) One allele was dominant