Chapter 3
The extent to which a compound dissolves in a solvent
Solubility
Non-superimposable mirror images with the same molecular formula
Enantiomers
A hydrocarbon that contains a double bond
Alkene
The center of reactivity in a molecule
Functional Group
An isomer in which the two highest priority substituents are on opposites sides of a cyclical compound
Trans isomer
A compound with asymmetric centers and an internal plane of symmetry
Meso compound
An electron deficient atom or molecule
Electrophile
An electron-rich atom or molecule
Nucleophile
A hydrogen bonded to a tertiary carbon
Tertiary Hydrogen
A mixture of equal amounts of a pair of enantiomers
racemic mixture
The sum of the number of pi bonds and rings in a hydrocarbon
Degree of Unsaturation
The energy maximum of a reaction step with respect to a reaction coordinate diagram
Transition state
Non-bonding obstruction influencing the reactivity of a molecule
Steric Hinderance
Isomers that result from not being able to rotate about a carbon-carbon double bond
Cis-Trans Isomers
A reaction that has an overall negative change in Gibb's Free Energy
Exergonic Reaction
Describes a systems constant adjustments towards equilibrium to offset disturbances in temperature, pressure, reactant concentrations, etc
Le Chatelier's Principle
The conformation of cyclohexane with the second smallest potential energy
Twisted Boat conformation (second most stable, second smallest potential energy)
The enantiomer that rotates the plane of polarization of plane-polarized light in a clockwise direction (+)
Dextrorotatory
A vinyl group is
CH2=CH-
The physical property describing the state of randomness in a system with respect to dispersion of molecules
Entropy