1
a human-made waterway
canal
referring to a countryside area
rural
referring to a city area
urban
a way of supplying water to an area of land
irrigation
a wheeled, horse-drawn cart used in battle
chariot
the worship of many gods
polytheism
an organized society that functions within established geographic boundaries
civilization
a mixture of fertile soil and tiny rocks that can make land ideal for farming
Silt
a set of 282 laws governing daily life in Babylon; the earliest known collection of written laws
Hammurabi’s Code
an area of rich farmland in Southwest Asia where the first civilizations began
Fertile Crescent
series of wars between Persia and Greece in the 400s BC
Persian Wars
more of something than is needed
surplus
the world’s first system of writing; developed in Sumer
cuneiform
Son of Darius; Led the Persians against the Greeks in the Battle of Salamis, the battle that ended the Persian Wars.
Xerxes I
the division of society by rank or class
social hierarchy
Babylonian ruler. Known for a unified code of 282 laws, the earliest known set of written laws, that was produced during his reign.
Hammurabi
a political unit consisting of a city and its surrounding countryside
city-state
Persian emperor; he created the Persian Empire by conquering most of Southwest Asia.
Cyrus the Great
an arrangement in which each worker specializes in a particular task or job
division of labor
Persian emperor; he restored order to the Persian Empire after a period of rebellion. Built roads and made other improvements to Persian society.
Darius I