Alkylating Agents
What is the trade name for cyclophosphamide?
Cytoxan
What is the prototype drug for antimetabolites? (both brand and trade names)
methotrexate (MTX, Rheumatrex)
What is the protype of hormone antagonist? (both brand and trade)
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)
They interfere by warning surrounding cells
What are the other two names for epoetin?
Epogen and Procrit
Common adverse effects? (name at least 5)
anorexia, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, diarrhea, moth sores, alopecia, jaundice, acne, blisters and darkened or thickened skin, and bone marrow suppression
What is the prototype of antitumor antibiotics? (both brand and trade name)
doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
What is the prototype drug for the natural products? (both brand and trade names)
Vincristine (Marqibo)
What is the other name of aldesleukin?
Proleukin
Filgrastim (Neupogen) is what type of drug and approved for who?
colony stimulating factor (CSF)
Approved for pts with nonmyloid malignancies who are receiving myelosuppressive antineoplastics
What drug is the prototype for alkylating agents?
Cyclophosphamide (cytoxan)
Common side effects for both? name at least 5
nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, anorexia, rash, alopecia, fatigue, myelosuppression, diarrhea.
Hot flashes, leg cramps, atrophic vaginitis, menstrual changes, DVT, joint swelling, muscle weakness, back pain, fatigue, UTI and weight gain
Interleukins - wide spread effect on immune function
interferons - can't protect infected cells and does more warning of the immune system.
What are the two therapeutic uses of epoetin alfa (Epogen/Procrit) and when should it NOT be used?
Used for - anemia associated w/ chronic kidney disease and patients who are having chemotherapy for nonmyloid malignancies to counter act the anemia. (the anemia must be caused by the chemo not the cancer)
Should NOT be used for emergency correction of anemia
Name one other drug off the drug list under alkylating agents
What is the mechanism of action of antitumor antibiotics?
Bind to DNA and affect it's function similar to that of a alkylating agent. Causing the DNA of the cancer cell to change shape.
What is the mechanism of action for hormone antagonists?
Block the hormone from reaching it's target receptor in the cancer cell. Either by blocking production of the hormone or by blocking the receptor
What are the 3 interferon drugs?
interferon alfa-2b (intron A)
Interferon beta-1a (Avonex)
pegIFN alfa-2a (Pegasys)
1- prevent transplant rejection
2-dampen hyperactive immune response (exacerbations of SLE and RA)
What is the mechanism of action?
Kill cancer cells by changing the shape of the DNA double helix and preventing the DNA from duplicating normally during cell division
What is the mechanism of action of antimetabolites?
Structurally similar to the nutrients that cancer cells synthesize, but antimetabolites don't perform the same functions as these other nutrients so when a cancer cell tries to synthesize protein's, DNA, or RNA using antimetabolites, then the metabolic pathways in the cell are disrupted and cell dies.
What is the mechanism of action of natural products?
Arrest/stop cell division, by binding to tubulin which disrupts the process of distributing chromosomes to daughter cells during mitosis. This results in cell death.
What are the two prototype drugs for immunostimulants? (one interferon and one interleukin)
interferon alfa-2b (Intron A)
aldesleukin (Proleukin)
What drug is "an older immunosuppressant indicated for the prophylaxis of kidney transplant rejection of for the treatment of severe RA" Give the name and class
azathioprine (Imuran) : Cytotoxic Drug