Cycle Overview
How many phases are in the cell cycle, and what are they called?
2; interphase and mitosis
G1, G0, G2, S
What are the phases that occur within the interphase?
What happens is the prophase?
The first phase of mitosis where the nucleus disintegrates and the DNA condenses.
What are the three checkpoints within the cell cycle?
G1 checkpoint, G2 checkpoint, and spindle checkpoint
Why kill a cell?
If there is an error in the replicated DNA the cell now has two copies of DNA and cannot divide.
Why do unicellular organisms go through cellular divison?
to reproduce
The cell grows in size and prepares for DNA replication
What happens in the G1 phase?
What happens in the metaphase?
the sister chromatids line up at the imaginary metaphase plate; the spindle fibers help position the sister chromatids
What does the G1 checkpoint check for?
if the cell is healthy enough to survive; are there enough resources to divide
What is programmed cell death?
apoptosis
Why to multicellular organisms divide?
to grow
The cell's DNA is replicated.
What happens in the S phase?
What happens in the anaphase?
The spindle fibers will begin to pull the sister chromatids apart.
What does the G2 checkpoint check for?
checks for any mistakes in the replicated cell
What is binary fission?
a type of cell division prokaryotes use to reproduce
Why does intentional cell death happen?
When cells get too old or too damaged.
the last phase before cell division; where the cell continues to grow
What is the G2 phase?
What is the telophase?
The final stage of mitosis;the nuclear membrane begins to form around the groups of chromosomes; the chromosomes begin to uncoil
What happens at the G2 checkpoint if there are mistakes in the replicated DNA?
it will try to fix the DNA with proteins; if unable to fix, it will kill the cell
What is the "Pac-man" mechanism?
the depolymerization of the microtubules at the kinetochore ends
What type of cells go through cellular division?
stem cells (specialized)
What happens in the G0 phase?
the cell functions until it dies; cell can exit G0 and re-enter G1 phase.
the cytoplasm and cell membrane separate the newly formed nuclei; happens in the late in the telophase.
What does the spindle checkpoint check for?
What is the difference between animal and plant cells during cytokinesis?
animal cell pinch the cell membrane; plant cells build a new cell wall