Vocab
What word means an extra amount beyond what is needed?
Surplus
In what region did some of the earliest permanent settlements develop?
Mesopotamia
What does it mean to domesticate a plant or animal?
Adapt a plant/animal to be useful to people
What is a surplus?
Extra amount beyond what is needed
What does barter mean?
Trading goods without money
Early farmers often settled near what natural feature that provided water for crops?
Rivers
What word means to trade goods without using money?
Barter
Early humans returned to an old campsite and found grain growing. How did the grain most likely get there?
Seeds were dropped there during an earlier visit
Which is an example of domestication: hunting a wild sheep or raising sheep near a settlement?
Raising sheep near a settlement
What happened to populations when people had a more reliable food supply?
Populations grew
A farmer trades grain for a potter's bowl. What economic activity is taking place?
Barter
What two rivers are located near Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent?
Tigris and Euphrates
What word means to become skilled at one particular job or task?
Specialize
What happened to people's homes when they stopped moving from place to place?
They built permanent homes/settlements
Give one benefit people received from domesticating animals.
Meat, milk, help with work, etc.
Why did having extra food mean that not everyone had to be a farmer?
Surplus food allowed some people to do other jobs
Why did specialized jobs develop after farming became more successful?
Surplus food meant not everyone had to farm
What does the Fertile Crescent map tell us about why this area was good for farming?
Fertile soil and access to water supported agriculture
What does cultivate mean?
To prepare/help land or crops grow
What major change occurred during the Neolithic Period:
nomadic hunter-gatherers → __________________
Settled farmers
What was one problem caused by people living closely with domesticated animals?
Diseases could spread from animals to humans
Complete the chain: Farming → Surplus → Permanent Communities → ______ Jobs
Specialized
Name TWO specialized jobs that developed in early communities.
Potter, weaver, toolmaker, artist, merchant, etc.
Archaeologists discover a decorated Neolithic vessel. What does it suggest about the jobs people performed?
Some people specialized as artisans/craftspeople
Explain the difference between surplus, specialize, and barter.
Surplus = extra; specialize = become skilled at one job; barter = trade without money
Explain why farming encouraged people to settle permanently instead of continuing a nomadic lifestyle.
Farming required people to care for crops and gave them a food supply near their homes
Explain how domesticating plants AND animals changed the way people got their food.
People could grow crops and raise animals instead of depending only on hunting and gathering
A village produces more grain than it needs. Explain TWO ways this surplus could change the community.
Accept: population growth, permanent settlements, specialization, trade/barter
Explain the relationship between surplus → specialization → barter.
Extra food allowed specialization → specialized workers made extra goods → people bartered those goods
How did the Agricultural Revolution change the way early humans lived? Give at least TWO changes.
Accept two supported changes: farming, permanent settlements, surplus, population growth, specialization, barter/trade