MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS
A management theory developed by Frederick Herzberg argues that salary, working conditions and company policies primarily prevent dissatisfaction but do not necessarily create motivation. What are these factors called?
Hygiene Factors
This Indian conglomerate became the first Indian company to cross the ₹30 lakh crore market-capitalisation milestone in 2024.
Reliance Industries
Nike's famous three-word slogan, introduced in 1988, became one of the most recognisable taglines in advertising history.
Just Do It
In 2015, a massive emissions scandal erupted after this automobile company was found to have used software designed to manipulate emissions testing.
Volkswagen
The price of a product increases by 10%, causing its quantity demanded to fall by 30%. What is the price elasticity of demand, and how would demand be classified?
Elastic demand
A firm deliberately creates a temporary business model that operates outside its existing processes to test a potentially disruptive innovation. Clayton Christensen's framework would most closely associate this with what concept?
Disruptive Innovation
In 2025, this Chinese AI startup shocked global technology markets after the emergence of its low-cost AI models raised questions about the enormous computing costs associated with generative AI.
DeepSeek
This Coca-Cola campaign encouraged consumers to find bottles featuring people's names and share them with friends, transforming a mass-market product into a personalised experience.
Share a Coke
In 1982, several people died after taking capsules of this pharmaceutical product that had been deliberately contaminated with cyanide. The company responded with a massive product recall, which became a landmark example of crisis management.
Tylenol
An airline charges different customers different prices for essentially the same seat, with business travellers generally paying more than price-sensitive leisure travellers. Which economic practice does this illustrate?
Price Discrimination
A product has high market growth but a low relative market share. According to the BCG Growth-Share Matrix, how would this product be classified?
Question Mark
The European Union's landmark legislation regulating artificial intelligence uses a risk-based framework, categorising AI applications into levels such as minimal, limited, high and unacceptable risk. Name the legislation.
EU AI Act
A beauty brand deliberately challenged conventional advertising by showing women describing themselves based on forensic sketches, rather than relying on conventional beauty imagery. Which campaign was this?
Dove's Real Beauty / Real Beauty Sketches campaign
A major social-media crisis erupted after this airline forcibly removed a passenger from an overbooked flight in 2017. Which airline was involved?
United Airlines
Several competing oil-producing countries agree to restrict their collective output in an attempt to influence global oil prices. From a microeconomic perspective, what market behaviour does this agreement represent?
Cartel behaviour
A company sells its primary product at a very low price but generates substantial recurring profits by selling proprietary consumables that customers must repeatedly purchase. Which business model is this?
Razor-and-Blades Model
In 2025, the U.S. government's tariff policy became a major source of uncertainty for global businesses. The economic concept describing a situation where countries impose tariffs in response to each other's trade barriers is known as what?
Trade War
A fast-food brand's advertising strategy frequently uses humour, real-time cultural events and provocative social-media responses to generate earned media rather than relying entirely on traditional advertising. Which brand is particularly famous for this approach?
What is Wendy's?
A technology company faced intense scrutiny after allegations emerged that millions of users' personal data had been harvested and used for political targeting. Which company was at the centre of the scandal?
Facebook / Meta
Two competing firms must independently choose whether to cut prices or maintain prices. Neither firm can improve its payoff by changing its decision alone, given the other firm's decision. What game-theory concept describes this outcome?
Nash Equilibrium
A company currently sells its existing smartphones in India. It decides to enter the European market with the same smartphones, without developing a new product.
According to the Ansoff Matrix, which growth strategy is this?
Market Development
A major challenge facing global semiconductor supply chains is the concentration of advanced chip manufacturing in one East Asian economy. Which economy is particularly dominant in advanced semiconductor manufacturing?
Taiwan
A company positions its product as a premium alternative by deliberately restricting supply, maintaining exclusivity and relying heavily on brand symbolism rather than competing primarily on functional benefits. Which marketing concept is most directly being employed?
Prestige / Luxury Brand Positioning
In the late 1990s, investors poured money into internet-based companies, many of which had little or no profits. When confidence collapsed in 2000, technology stocks plunged, wiping out trillions of dollars in market value and causing numerous internet startups to shut down.
What was this major market collapse commonly known as?
The Dot-com Bubble Burst
During a severe economic crisis, the price of a basic staple rises, yet extremely poor households respond by purchasing more of that staple because they can no longer afford relatively expensive alternatives. What unusual type of good could exhibit this behaviour?
Giffen good