Anatomy of the Heart
Sits behind and to the left of the sternum, protected by the rib cage and in between the lungs
Where is the heart located?
Valve that separates the left ventricle from the aorta
What is the aortic valve?
The part of the stethoscope used for hearing low frequency sounds
What is the bell of the stethoscope?
A heart valve that cannot open completely
HINT: tied to valvular heart disease
What is a stenotic valve?
The side of the heart that pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the rest of the body
What is the left side of the heart?
Known as the cardiac pacemaker and controls the heart rate
What is the SA node?
Aortic, Pulmonic, Erb’s Point, Tricuspid, Mitral
HINT: think mnemonic
What does APE TO MAN stand for in auscultation?
Chest pain due to ischemia of myocardium
What is angina pectoris?
The pointed, bottom of the heart formed by the left ventricle
What is the apex of the heart?
Phase of heartbeat where ventricles contract, AV valves close, and backflow of blood into atria is prevented
What is the systolic phase?
Palpated for at the apex of the heart, sounds like a lub, and represents the start of the systole
What is an S1 heart sound?
Clinical findings include the worst chest pain ever experienced lasting longer than 5 mins
What is myocardial infarction?
Atrioventricular valve that separates the right atria from the right ventricle
What is the tricuspid valve?
At the end of this cardiac cycle phase, the ventricles are filled with blood
What is the diastolic phase?
Palpate over the 5th intercostal space, to the left of the clavicular line, at the apex of the heart to feel this
What is the apical pulse?
When the ventricle fails to pump blood efficiently into aorta or pulmonary arteries
What is heart failure?
Innermost layer of the heart that lines the inside of the heart’s chambers and makes up the valves
What is the endocardium?
S3 and S4 sounds during the cardiac cycle
What are abnormal sounds in the cardiac cycle?
Abnormal auscultation finding that sounds like scratching on sandpaper
HINT: can also be an abnormal auscultation finding in the lungs
What are friction rubs?
Infection of the endothelial layer of the heart
What is infective endocarditis?