People and Leaders
Who was the President of the United States during the Civil War who worked to preserve the Union?
Abraham Lincoln
The Confederate attack that started the Civil War took place at which fort in South Carolina?
Fort Sumter
What 1857 Supreme Court decision denied that Black people could be citizens and intensified tensions before the war?
Dred Scott decision (Dred Scott v. Sandford)
Which side controlled most of the nation's factories, railroads, and naval power at the start of the war?
The North (Union)
What new state was created when western counties of Virginia stayed loyal to the Union?
West Virginia
Who resigned from the U.S. Army because he would not fight against his native Virginia, then went on to command the Confederacy's main army?
Robert E. Lee
What was the first major land battle (July 1861) near Manassas called by Northerners?
First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)
Who said "A house divided against itself cannot stand" in his "House Divided"speech of 1858 and warned that the nation could not endure half slave and half free?
Abraham Lincoln
What ironclad, converted by the Confederacy, threatened the Union blockade before meeting the Monitor?
The Merrimack (renamed CSS Virginia)
After Antietam, Lincoln used the outcome to take a major step toward ending slavery. What action did he announce shortly afterward?
He announced he would issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
Which Union general earned the nickname "Unconditional Surrender" for demanding total surrender from enemies?
Ulysses S. Grant
Which 1862 battle in Maryland is known as the single bloodiest day in American military history?
Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg)
Name the 1863 proclamation that declared enslaved people in Confederate states to be free and reframed the war as a fight against slavery.
The Emancipation Proclamation
Name two noncombat roles women commonly filled during the war, as described in the packet.
Nurses and teachers (also acceptable: factory workers, spies, messengers, guides)
What strategic effect did the fall of Vicksburg have on the Confederacy?
It gave the Union control of the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy in two.
Name the Confederate spy in Washington who smuggled information to Southern leaders and was later celebrated by Jefferson Davis.
Rose O'Neal Greenhow
Name the three main steps of the Anaconda Plan.
(1) Blockade Southern ports to cut off trade; (2) Control the Mississippi River to divide the Confederacy; (3) Capture Richmond, the Confederate capital, and destroy the Confederate government.
In his Farewell Address when leaving the Senate, who defended the idea that states might reclaim sovereignty and justified secession under certain conditions?
Jefferson Davis
Which major Southern port city did Union forces seize in 1862—an action that helped put the Anaconda Plan’s second step into motion?
New Orleans
What phrase from Lincoln's Gettysburg Address expresses the idea that the United States is a government made by its citizens?
"Government of the people, by the people, for the people."
Which Union general later became president and led the final campaigns that helped end the war, using the strategy summed up as "strike as hard as you can and keep moving on"?
Ulysses S. Grant
What Union naval and land campaign aimed to divide the Confederacy by gaining control of the Mississippi River, ending with the surrender of a key city on July 4, 1863?
The campaign for control of the Mississippi River; the surrender of Vicksburg
The raid on Harpers Ferry was described by Secretary of War John B. Floyd as what kind of episode, and why did this event alarm Southerners?
He called it a "surprising and startling episode." It alarmed Southerners because the raid aimed to seize the federal arsenal and spark an uprising of enslaved people.
Explain one major reason why disease killed far more soldiers than battlefield wounds during the Civil War.
Medical staff did not understand infection; unsanitary camps and surgeons who did not wash their hands spread diseases such as typhoid and pneumonia.
List two long-term consequences of the Civil War mentioned in the packet (one social/cultural and one economic/environmental).
Social/cultural: lasting Southern romanticism of the "Old South" and continuing racial conflict. Economic/environmental: billions of dollars spent, lost livestock, ruined cropland, and a long Southern recovery.