Farming
What was the most profitable cash crop in SC and GA?
Rice; farmers built dams (paddies) to flood the fields to grow rice. Strenuous work was mostly done by slave labor.
Who was the British commander of troops who conquered French Canada? He led an assault that recaptured Louisbourg and captured Montreal marking the end of the conflict in North America.
Jeffrey Amherst
How did England view their North American colonies?
England viewed their North American colonies as an economic resource. Colonies provided England with raw materials that England manufactured into goods, which were sold back to the colonies.
Who was the Seven Year's War between?
France and Britain
Who was a founding Father and Enlightenment thinker that believed knowledge, reason, and science could improve society, playing a key role in the development of America and the founding of its new government but never served as a US President?
Benjamin Franklin
What are the main differences between Tidewater and Backcountry?
Tidewater; region of large southern plantations that relied on large amounts of slave labor located in the flat, low-lying plains along the Southern seacoast?
Typically grew rice, indigo, cotton, and tobacco
Smaller population than backcountry but more wealth and power in the Southern colonies
Backcountry; hilly regions of southern Appalachians filled with small farms that typically had 1-2 slaves.
Usually grew corn or tobacco
Greater population than the tidewater region but less wealthy
Who was a British commander in North America sent to drive the French out of the Ohio River Valley and was killed by French and Indian forces near Fort Duquesne on July 9th, 1755?
William Braddock
What is merchantalism?
The theory that a nation’s power depends on expanding its trade. As trade grows, the incoming wealth helps propel the nation to become more powerful.
What was the American stage of the Seven Years War often called? Why?
The French and Indian War because it was the British colonists fighting against the French and Indians (Native Americans).
What was the Great Awakening? What did it emphasize?
The Great Awakening was a religious revival that swept through the colonies in the 1730s and 1740s. The movement ushered in new religious groups (Protestant Christian groups) that had a higher emphasis on education and the equality of people in the eyes of God. The emphasis on the equality of people in religion helps break down the idea of a central authority ruling over all.
What was the New England farming style? What does that mean?
Subsistence farming. This meant that they produced just enough food to meet the needs of their families with little left over to sell or trade. Children in the family were the primary labor force (leading to large families).
Who changed Britain's fortune in the war with France and oversaw the war effort from London? How?
William Pitt; He was an outstanding military planner who knew how to pick skilled commanders. He decided Great Britain would pay for war supplies, no matter the cost. (He later taxed the colonists to repay the debt.)
What was the Middle Passage?
The inhumane leg of the Triangular Trade in which enslaved Africans were transported to the West Indies to be “conditioned” for slavery
Who was the Chief of Ottawa village near Detroit.
1763 - Tried to unite Native American groups to fight the British starting a war/rebellion. A peace treaty resolving the war was signed in 1766.
Pontiac
What is a militia?
Militia - Groups of civilians trained to fight, like an army, in emergencies. This was the primary form of military for the colonies.
What was the New York/Middle colony farming style?
The soil in the Middle Colonies was much more fertile than that of the New England colonies. This meant that the Middle Colonies could grow more and make a profit off of it.
This resulted in the primary New York/Middle colony farming style focusing on cash crops and selling much of their yearly harvest. (LARGE HARVESTS TO SELL/TRADE)
Who was the British commander in North America that was sent to drive the French out of the Ohio River Valley?
Edward Braddock
What became the hub of North American shipping trade and linked the Northern and Southern colonies, sailing along the Atlantic Coast and islands in the West Indies.
The coastal cities of the New England colonies
What was the Iroquois Confederacy?
A powerful group of Native American tribes in modern-day New York Native groups who joined the confederacy include the Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, and Oneida tribes
What group of people established Harvard in 1636?
Extra point: Where? (City, State)
Puritans
What was the organization of a typical New England town?
Most correct details wins the point.
Looking for 5 main points. 100 points for each one you get.
Most people in New England lived in well-organized towns.
The center was the meetinghouse, used for church services and town meetings.
The meetinghouse faced a piece of land called “the green” where cows grazed and the militia (citizen army) would train.
Farmers lived in the town and worked in the fields on the outskirts of town.
They relied on their families (children) for free labor. This meant it was an advantage to have large families.
What treaty, signed in 1763, ended the Seven Years’ War and marked the end of France being a major power in North America outside of a few islands in the West Indies (Caribbean)?
Treaty of Paris
How did the Navigation Acts affect the colonists?
The Navigation Acts directed the flow of goods between England and the colonies.
1) They made it so colonial merchants could not use foreign ships to trade with England, even if they offered lower rates.
2)They also prohibited colonists from sending certain goods (sugar, tobacco, etc.) outside of the British Empire.
3) This is seen as the British crown controlling the colonies and restricting their freedoms for the profit of mainland Britain. In response, some colonists ignored these rules and began to illegally smuggle goods to Europe and to the West Indies.
Explain why the Native Americans were so important in the clash between the French and the British.
1) The side who had the best trade terms with and the most help from the Native Americans would win North America/the war.
2) Native tribes determined who had more power in the area, providing the side they chose with insight into the land, the best possible travel routes, and an army of fighters.
The largest Native group of the time was the Iroquois Confederacy who remained independent and traded with both the French and the British, until the mid-1700s when they became allies with the British, upsetting the balance of power.
Iroquois Confederacy - A powerful group of Native American tribes in modern-day New York Native groups who joined the confederacy include the Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, and Oneida tribes
Name and describe each of the three types of colonial governments.
1) Charter Colonies: CT & RI
Established by a charter
Elected own governors and house members
Britain could approve/disapprove governors (can’t veto legislation)
2) Proprietary Colonies: MD, PA, DE
Ruled by men granted land by England
Free to rule as they wished
Appoint governor and upper house while lower house was elected by the people
3) Royal Colonies: MA, GA, NH, NJ, NY, SC, NC, VA
Ruled directly by England who approved upper house