Chapter 6
The first broad-spectrum antibiotic.
What is Prontosil?
Why FDA continues to monitor a drug after market release.
What is because there could be long-term effects from future combinations of other FDA approved drugs?
These scientists were responsible for establishing the field of pharmacology as legitimate.
What is Alfred Gilman and Louis Goodman?
Watkins mistake in Massengill's sulfanliamide formulation.
What is the addition of diethylene glycol?
A treatment that the book highlights as an example of having multiple physiological targets.
What is chemotherapy?
Goodman and Gilman's manuscript that contained over a million words.
What is The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics?
The company who reached out to Massengill intially.
What is the American Medical Association?
This drug cocktail in the 1990s exemplified the problem of side effects in drug development. Name the drug combination and its main side effect.
What is fen-phen? (fenfluramine and phentermine, both AHP manufactured weight loss drugs)
What is mitral valve disfunction?
This weapon from WWII was repurposed by Gilman and Goodman to treat lymphoma since it is cytotoxic.
What is nitrogen mustard gas?
The antidote for the exilir at the time.
What is there was no antidote?
The largest challenge in modern drug development.
What is increased cost of drug development?
The two requirements for an effective surgical anesthetic and an example of a specific INEFFECTIVE anesthetic.
What is unconsciousness and pain blocker? What is CURARE?
Discussion Question #1!
The Massengill incident was the first drug crisis to occur.
Between Watkins and Massengill, who do you think has more of the blame? Watkins was the scientist responsible for the formulation, but Massengill purposefully kept the drug's composition away from the public eye.
Discussion Question #2!
Pharmacology is a relatively more modern medical field that came about in the context of drug recalls and side effects triggering recalls of medication. Pharmacology marks a shift from a field of primarily innovation to that of safety. Why might certain disease advocacy groups call for reformation/relaxation of treatment regulations? What are some of the effects that drug regulations like those put in place by the FDA have on drug innovation?
Discussion Question #3!
If Goodman and Gillman did not write their manuscript on the science of drugs, how do you think modern pharmacology would differ? And how has their contribution shaped the way we learn about and teach pharmacology?