Overview
Conditions on Early Earth
Early Earth
Which came first!
Words to know
100
The fossil record shows _____ which are changes over large time scales
macroevolutionary changes
100
The first stage of early life...
abiotic synthesis of small organic molecules
100
Earth's early atmosphere contained...
nitrogen, carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia, hydrogen
100
Which came first prokaryotes, eukaryotes,multicellular eukaryotes, or colonization of land? 
prokaryotes
100
The ______ theory proposes that mitochondria and plastids (chloroplasts and related organelles) were formerly small prokaryotes living within larger host cells
the endosymbiont theory
200
Give some examples of macroevolutionary changes
-flight in birds
-emergence of terrestrial vertebrates
-Fur
-A true uterus
200
The second stage of life...
Joining of these small molecules into macromolecules
200
Was early earth a reducing or oxidizing environment
reducing
200
Did colonization of land happen before or after multicellular eukaryotes form?
after
200
___________supposes that mitochondria evolved before plastids through a sequence of endosymbiotic events
serial endosymbiosis
300
How many mass extinctions have there been?
5
300
Thirds stage of life...
Packaging of molecules into protocells
300
The common theory is that lightning caused life on earth two other theories are...
volcanoes or deep sea vents
300
Did the Cambrian explosion happen before or after the colonization of land?
before
300
The ___________refers to the sudden appearance of fossils resembling modern animal phyla in the Cambrian period (535 to 525 million years ago)
The Cambrian explosion
400
List one of the many ways mass extinction has occurred in the past...
Intense volcanism in what is now Siberia
Global warming and ocean acidification resulting from the emission of large amounts of CO2 from the volcanoes
Anoxic conditions resulting from nutrient enrichment of ecosystems
Meteor strike
400
The fourth stage of life...
Origin of self-replicating molecules
400
The first genetic material was probably_____ not DNA
RNA
400
The oldest known fossils are...
stromatolites
400
According to the theory of ____________, Earth’s crust is composed of plates floating on Earth’s mantle
Plate tectonics
500
If Hox genes are expressed in the wrong location, body parts can be ______________
Produced in the wrong location
500
Formation of the supercontinent ____________ about 250 million years ago had many effects
–A deepening of ocean basins
–A reduction in shallow water habitat
–A colder and drier climate inland
Pangea
500
___________ genes determine such basic features as where wings and legs will develop on a bird or how a flower’s parts are arranged
Homeotic
500
The oxygen revolution caused what to happen to many prokaryotic groups?
a mass extinction
500
At times, the rate of extinction has increased dramatically and caused a ___________
Mass extinction