Federal Courts & Judges
This branch interprets laws and resolves legal disputes.
What is the Judicial Branch?
This term describes a court's authority to hear and decide a case.
What is jurisdiction?
This 1803 case is associated with establishing the principle of judicial review.
What is Marbury v. Madison?
A homeowner sues a contractor for property damage. This is this type of case.
What is a civil case?
This amendment protects people against unreasonable searches and seizures.
searches and seizures.What is the Fourth Amendment?
This article of the Constitution establishes the federal Judicial Branch.
What is Article III?
When a court hears a case for the first time, it is exercising this type of jurisdiction.
What is original jurisdiction?
This judicial power allows courts to determine whether government actions conflict with the Constitution.
What is judicial review?
These are the two broad categories of crimes studied in this unit.
What are felonies and misdemeanors?
This case is associated with warnings given to suspects before custodial interrogation.
What is Miranda v. Arizona?
One government official nominates federal judges, while this legislative body confirms them. Name both.
Who are the President and the Senate?
A Court of Appeals examines whether a District Court made a legal error. This is an example of this type of jurisdiction
What is appellate jurisdiction?
An earlier court decision used to guide later cases involving similar legal questions is known by this term.
What is precedent?
In a civil lawsuit, the person bringing the claim has this title.
Who is the plaintiff?
This landmark case is associated with the right to appointed counsel for defendants who cannot afford an attorney in covered criminal cases.
What is Gideon v. Wainwright?
These are the three levels of the federal court system, from lowest to highest.
What are District Courts, Courts of Appeals, and the U.S. Supreme Court?
This type of jurisdiction exists when either a state or federal court may hear a case
What is concurrent jurisdiction?
Before the Supreme Court agrees to hear a case, at least this many justices generally must vote to accept it.
What is four?
A grand jury determines there is sufficient evidence to formally charge someone with a crime. It may issue this
What is an indictment?
A justice agrees with the Court's decision but uses different reasoning. The justice may write this type of opinion.
What is a concurring opinion?
Federal judges generally serve during “good behavior.” This arrangement helps protect this important principle by reducing political pressure on judges.
What is judicial independence?
This type of jurisdiction means that only one court system has authority to hear a particular kind of case.
What is exclusive jurisdiction?
Put these Supreme Court steps in logical order: oral argument, writ of certiorari, conference/vote, briefs, opinions.
What is writ of certiorari → briefs → oral argument → conference/vote → opinions?
The prosecution must satisfy this standard before a defendant may be convicted in a criminal trial.
What is beyond a reasonable doubt?
This amendment extends due process and equal protection requirements to state and local governments and was central to Brown v. Board of Education.
What is the Fourteenth Amendment?