Basic Functions:
A mass of nerve cells that transmit information to other nerves, tissues, or cells.
Neurons
short branched extensions that RECEIVE the impulse
Dendrite
Immune function; digest debris, kills bacteria
Microglial Cells
junction between two communicating neurons
synapse
stimulates muscle contraction
Acetylcholine
a clear liquid that bathes the brain and spinal cord
Cerebrospinal fluid
membranes located between bone and soft tissues of the nervous system
Meninges
2 parts; top portion of the brainstem
Diencephalon
The 2 divisions of the nervous system.
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
insulation surrounding axons
Myelin Sheath
make myelin sheath that provides insulation around the axons in the CNS
oligodendrocytes
nerve impulse travels from neuron to neuron
Nerve pathway
mood, happiness
Dopamine
Number of Vertebral segments.
31 Segments
wrinkly, large part of the brain
CEREBRUM
Visual reflexes, eye movements
Midbrain
controls the voluntary muscles (skeletal muscles)
Somatic Nervous System
Autonomic: Involuntary
gaps in the insulation
Nodes of Ranvier
connect blood vessels to neurons
Astrocytes
To complete the signal, a ___________________ is released at the gap to signal the next neuron
NEUROTRANSMITTER
sleepiness and mood
Serotonin
Number of nerves per vertebral segment.
2
White matter within the cerebellum give it a tree-like appearance
ARBOR VITAE
regulates heart, respiration, blood pressure
Medulla Oblongata
A branch of the Autonomic Nervous System that carries out functions while your body is at REST
Parasympathetic
the nerve fiber that conducts electrical impulses
axon
forms membranes around tissue
Ependymal Cells
Hold the neurotransmitters before they released.
vesicles
pain reduction, mood
Endorphins
ASCENDING TRACTS
impulses travel to the brain (sensory)
connects the two hemispheres
connects the two hemispheres
The “master gland” of the endocrine system
Pituitary Gland
Controls the "Fight or Flight" response
Sympathetic
Explain the pathway of a nerve impulse
Dendrites
Nucleus
Axon
Axon terminal
Jumps the synapse
Describe the difference between nerves with myelin sheath and those without or having damaged sheath.
The impulse travels faster with the insulation protecting and coating the axon.
Why is reuptake of neurotransmitters in the synapse an important part of the process?
It is needed for the communication to stop and restart. Continued activation of the neuron could have adverse affects.
Reduces the activity of the neurons to which it binds (inhibitor)
GABA
Name the two enlargements and the area they supply nerves to.
Cervical enlargement = supplies nerves to upper limbs (neck)
Lumbar enlargement = supplies nerves to the lower limbs (lower back)
Fluid filled cavities, contain CSF
VENTRICLES
Memory
Hippocampus