The Nervous System
controls the activities of the body. In vertebrates it comprises the brain and spinal cord
What is the CNS?
ROM
Range of Motion
caused by viruses can cause meningitis and encephalitis. Symptoms usually start with fever and can progress to irritability, refusal to eat, headache, neck pain, and sometimes seizures. The diagnosis of viral central nervous system infections is based on a spinal tap. Meningitis, encehpalitis, polio
Infection
chronic inflmmation, affects gray matter and white matter, axons. results in damage to the myelin sheaththat surrounds nerve fibers in your brain, optic nerves and spinal cord. When the myelin sheath is damaged, nerve impulses slow or even stop, causing neurological problems.
demyelination
Pt I ADLs
Patient is Independent with ADLs
contains all the nerves that lie outside of the CNS, the primary roles is to connect the CNS to the organs, limbs, and skin.
What is the PNS
ORIF
open reduction, internal fixation
nerve diseases that affect a body's activities, such as balance, movement, talking, breathing, and heart function
degenerative
surrounds the brain spinal cord, and optic nerve.
myelin sheath
Client reports <pain R shoulder p HP.
Client reports decreased pain in right shoulder followng placement of hot pack.
Receives and processes sensory information, initiates responses, stores, memories, generates thoughts and emotions
The Brain
UE
Upper Extremity
attack the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, or the peripheral nervous system, consisting of nerves that connect the CNS with the limbs and organs. The most common disorders are multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis.
Autoimmune
bradykinesia
slowness of movement
Resident tx w/c <-> EOB with SBA
resident transferred from wheel chair to edge of bed with stand by assist
Conducts Signals to and from the brain, controls reflex activities
The Spinal Cord
LE
Lower Extremity
Includes Spinal Cord Injury, Traumatic Brain Injury, and PTSD
Trauma
stiff or inflexible muscles
Rigidity
Client c/o pain in R indext MCP joint p ~2 min PROM
Client complained of pain in right finger metacarpalphalengeal joint after approximately 2 minutes of passive range of motion
controls voluntary movements.
The Somatic Nervous System
AE
Adaptive Equipment
Disorders such as such as stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hemorrhage and hematoma, and extradural hemorrhage
Vascular Disorders
oily skin or dandruff
seborrhea
Client w/c --->mat c sliding board maxAx2
Client completed wheelchair to mat transfer with sliding board max assistant x 2 persons.
is sensory organs to CNS
Sensory Neurons
URI
Upper Respiratory Infection
brain or spinal cord injury, Bell's palsy, cervical spondylosis, carpal tunnel syndrome, brain or spinal cord tumors, peripheral neuropathy, and Guillain-Barré syndrome
Structural Disorders
low blood pressure, postural light-headedness
orthostatic hypotension
PT O x4
Patient oriented to person, place, time, situation
neurons to muscle or glands
Motor neurons
AAROM
Active Assist Range of Motion
headache, epilepsy, dizziness, and neuralgia
Functional Disorders
difficulty swallowing
Dysphagia
Client is SOB p 30 reps of UE PRE
Client is short of breath after completion of 30 repititions of upper extremity progressive resistive exercises
Rest or Digest
The Parasympathetic Division
BKA
Below Knee Amputation
Parkinson disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington chorea, and Alzheimer disease
Degenerative
continuously contracted
spasticity
Pt has < STM and OCD which limit IADLs
Patient has short term memory and obsessive compulsive disorder which limits instrumental activities of daily living.
Fight or Flight
The Sympathetic Division
SBA
Stand by assist
immune-mediated process in which an abnormal response of the body’s immune system is directed against the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS is made up of the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves. A characteristic is demyelination.
MS
impaired quality of speech production
dysarthria
Pt minA aMB bed->toilet 2* <balance
Patient is minimum assist with ambulation from bed to toilet secondary to decreased balance
controls voluntary movement
The autonomic nervous system
NPO
Nothing by mouth
Death of dopaminergic neruons in the substantia nigra, impairs movement,stability, cognitive skills and affective expression.
Parkinsons
caused by problems in the inner ear or brain, a sensation of spinning dizziness
Vertigo
Child's FM WFL to don AFO I
Child's fine motor skills within functional limits to to put on ankle foot orthosis independently