Key Terms/Figure/Groups
Define Freedom of Speech
The human right to be able to express opinions publicly without being censored or facing any form of punishment from the state and other authority figures.
What is the nickname for the Chinese censorship system?
The Great Firewall
What is Reporters Without Borders?
An international non-profit, non-governmental organisation that promotes and defends freedom of information and freedom of the press. The organisation, with a head office in Paris, France, has consultant status at the United Nations.
When are the two articles on the UN DHR that focus on freedom of speech?
18 and 19
Define Censorship
Intentional suppression of speech and/or information deemed to be politically incorrect, detrimental, overly sensitive or “inopportune” as determined by authority figures.
What is the name of the file that was leaked in in 2014 about the Chinese Government's censorship program?
Document 9
What is the organization, Article 19?
A British human rights organisation with a specific mandate and focus on the defence and promotion of freedom of expression and freedom of information worldwide founded in 1987.
What is the treaty that builds on the rights discussed in UN DHR?
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Define Mass Surveillance
Intentional monitoring of a population or group often carried out by government organisations or factions.
What is are the two US Amendments that relate to this topic?
First and Fourth
What is Amnesty International?
A London-based non-governmental organisation focused on human rights. The stated mission of the organisation is to campaign for "a world in which every person enjoys all of the human rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights instruments."
What prompted the UN HRC to further discuss the topic?
Development on technology
Define Press Freedom
The right of the press to publish and circulate opinions without government censorship.
What is the example of when the question of freedom of speech was brought up in the USA in August of 2017?
Charlottesville Rally
What is ECHELON?
A surveillance program operated by the US with the aid of four other signatory nations to the UKUSA Security Agreement: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States, also known as the Five Eyes.
What is the name of the body in charge of collecting information about the surveillance activity of different countries for the UN HRC?
Special Rapporteur
Define Surveillance State
Is a country where the government engages in pervasive surveillance of large numbers of its citizens and visitors. Such widespread surveillance is usually justified as being necessary for national security, such as to prevent crime or acts of terrorism, but may also be used to stifle criticism of and opposition to the government.
What is the article of the Turkish constitution that protects freedom of speech
Article 28
What is National Security Agency (NSA)?
A national-level intelligence agency of the United States Department of Defence, under the authority of the Director of National Intelligence. The NSA is responsible for global monitoring, collection, and processing of information and data for foreign intelligence and counterintelligence purposes, specialising in a discipline known as signals intelligence (SIGINT).
When were the UN DHR and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights signed?
1948 and 1966