Phases of Respiration
Process by which O2 is obtained from the environment and delivered to the cells.
Respiration
This is commonly called the "wind pipe".
Trachea
Which term should be used to document the musical sounds generated by airflow through narrowed airways?
A) Crackles
B) Wheezes
C) Friction Rub
D) Stridor
B) Wheezes
This increases the CO2 in the blood and decreases the pH which contributes to acidosis.
Hypoventilation
Which of the following information should you include when teaching a patient about using albuterol (Proventil) inhaler for asthma?
A) Use it every 12 hrs.
B) Use it periodically to prevent exercise-induced asthma.
C) Store the drug canister in the refrigerator.
D) Monitor for an oral yeast infection.
B) Use it periodically to prevent exercise-induced asthma.
Exchange of air between the atmosphere and the alveoli. Accomplished by inhalation and exhalation of breathing.
Pulmonary Ventilation
Part of the Larynx, this small flap of cartilage covers the larynx during swallowing.
Epiglottis
A patient with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) mask develops dry irritated eyes from blowing air. What nursing intervention will help prevent eye irritation while maintaining the positive pressure ventilation?
A) Offer moisturizing eyedrops
B) Discontinue CPAP
C) Re-position mask
D) Tape the patients eyes closed
C) Re-position mask
This a result of hypoventilation and is defined by the lower than normal O2 levels in the tissues.
Hypoxia
Which of the following information indicates to you that the patient who is taking theophylline (Theo-24) needs further instruction?
A) The patient drives a school bus everyday.
B) The patient drinks 8 oz. of wine with dinner.
C) The patient exercises 1 hr each day.
D) The patient drinks 2 cups of coffee each morning.
D) The patient drinks 2 cups of coffee each morning.
Occurs in tissue as O2 diffuses from blood to the cells. CO2 travels from the cell to the blood.
Internal gas exchange
Name the 3 parts of the pharynx and their locations
Nasopharynx (superior portion, behind the nasal cavity), Oropharynx (middle portion, posterior to the mouth), and Laryngopharynx (inferior portion that opens into the larynx)
How should the nurse record smoking history on a patient who has smoked 2.5 packs of cigarettes a day for 10 years?
Patient has a 25 pack-year smoking history
This is a result of hypoventilation and is defined by lower than normal O2 partial pressure in the arterial blood.
Hypoxemia
You should advise a patient who is taking beclomethasone (QVAR) to monitor for which of the following possible indications of an adverse effect of the drug?
A) White coating in the mouth
B) Abdominal pain
C) Muscle twitching
D) Palpitations
A) White coating in the mouth
Circulating blood carries gases between the lungs and the tissues, supplying O2 to the cells and bringing back CO2.
Gas transport in the blood
This structure is the site of for external gas exchange and it contains air passageways and thin walled sacs called alveoli.
Lungs
Which instruction is correct when teaching a patient how to use a traditional metered-dose inhaler?
A) "Inhale deeply, place canister in mouth, depress top of canister, exhale."
B) "Exhale, place canister in mouth, depress canister and inhale at the same time."
C) "Cough, place canister in mouth, inhale deeply, cough again."
D) "Exhale, depress canister, place in mouth, inhale deeply."
B) "Exhale, place canister in mouth, depress canister and inhale at the same time."
This happens when acidic products are removed from the blood and the pH levels are increased which result in respiratory alkalosis.
Hyperventilation
You are instructing a patient who is taking cetirizine (Zyrtec) how to treat allergic rhinitis. Which of the following information should the provider include?
A) Restrict fluids to minimize the drug's adverse effects.
B) Take the drug in the morning to reduce adverse effects.
C) Take the drug on an empty stomach to increase absorption.
D) Administer the drug prophylactically during allergy seasons.
D) Administer the drug prophylactically during allergy seasons.
Occurs in the lungs as O2 diffuses from alveoli into the blood. CO2 diffuses out of the blood to be eliminated.
External gas exchange
______ on nearby cells sweep the mucus upward towards the throat, where it can be swallowed or eliminated by coughing, sneezing, or blowing the nose.
Cilia
Place the following steps in sequential order for obtaining a sputum specimen for culture.
A) Have pt. cough deeply from lungs.
B) Teach pt. to inhale deeply several times.
C) Check the order for the culture.
D) Send the specimen immediately to the laboratory.
E) Obtain the appropriate container.
C, E, B, A, D
Increased exhalation of CO2, which decreases the level of gas in the blood result in a condition called _____.
Hyocapnia
You are obtaining a health history from a patient who is to start using a new ipratropium (Atrovant) inhaler. Which of the following information from the patient's history should alert you to take further action? (Select all that apply.)
A) Seizure disorder
B) Peanut allergy
C) Depression treated with monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI)
D) Hypothyroidism treated with synthetic thyroid hormone
E) Glaucoma
B and E