Organs
Procedures
Breathing
Diagnosis
Microsopes
100

Name two places where air enters the respiratory system.

The mouth and nose (nasal cavity)

100

What procedure is done to remove fluid from the pleural space? 

What is thoracentesis?

100

Define the process of respiration

What is the process of gas exchange between an organism and its environment. Humans breathe in oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide gas.

100

Spitting up blood from the lungs

What is hemoptysis?

100
What does health human lung tissue look like?
Mostly empty space, thin alveolar walls
200

Describe the location and composition of the windpipe (trachea)

It is located beneath the throat (pharynx) and it is made of cartilage rings or tubes that allow air to pass to the bronchi

200

Removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination.

What is lung biopsy?

200

The two gasses that are exchanged during respiration.

What is oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2)?

200
Name 3 organ systems affected by smoking
Circulatory Respiratory Skeletal Reproductive Skin (integumentary)
200
Name 2 structures seen using the microscope of a human lung slide.
Alveoli (air sacs), bronchioles, scar tissue, alveolar macrophage
300

What is the difference between bronchi and bronchioles?

They are both branching tubes of the lower respiratory system, but bronchi are two large tubes and the bronchioles are smaller sized airways leading to the alveoli.

300

What happens when the diaphragm muscle was relaxed?

exhalation occurred because the pressure in the chest cavity was greater than the pressure in the atmosphere, so air moved out of the lungs and into the environment. The volume of the chest cavity decreased.

300

Two actions that are completely involuntary.

What is coughing, hiccups, sneezing, and breathing (eventually involuntary)?

300
How does smoking affect cilia?
It shaves them off of the nasal cavity and bronchi. It then takes 2 years for them to re-form!
300
What does a smoker's lung tissue look like?
Brown/blackened from soot, tar, and chemicals in cigarette smoke. Inflammed. Scar tissue around the bronchiole and/or alveoli (air sacs).
400

What's the relationship between cilia and infection?

More healthy, intact cilia will result in lower infection rates. Cilia sweep up the bacteria, dust, and pollen grains, preventing infection, irritation, and debris from reaching the lungs. Cilia are located in the nasal cavity AND bronchi.

400

Chest X-rays are done to aid in diagnosis but sometimes more detailed tests are needed to make specific diagnosis.

What is CT?

400

Breathing is easier in an upright position.

What is orthopnea?

400
What is a reason to stop smoking?
The health negative health effects (including lung cancer, bronchitis, and emphysema) that the person is enduring will stop getting worse and if stopped early enough many of the health effects are reversible!
400
Describe the smoker's lung with emphysema.
Destruction of the alveolar walls so lots of empty space seen through the microscope. Scar tissue and alveolar macrophages also visible.
500

What is the epiglottis and what does it do?

It is a flap of tissue that covers the trachea during eating/drinking so food doesn't go down the wrong pipe causing choking

500

How would a chest wound impact the breathing process?

It would prevent the buildup of pressure inside the lungs or in the environment, preventing a difference in pressure. To breathe, one needs a closed chest cavity.

500

Air in the chest/pleural cavity

What pneumothorax?

500
What is emphysema and how is it caused?
What is a chronic lung disease characterized by destruction of alveolar walls due to the toxins and chemicals in tobacco cigarettes. Symptoms include wheezing, difficulty breathing, and fatigue.
500
Name the type of cells surrounding the bronchiole that look like a thin, pink line through the microscope
Epithelial cells
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