Section 4 - The Struggle for Power in England and France
Section 5 - The Clash over Germany and Italy
100
The first Frankish king of the Merovingians.
Who was Clovis?
100
A grant of land from the king or a higher noble to a lower noble.
What is a fief?
100
The missionary, later named a saint, is credited with bringing Christianity to England.
Who was Saint Augustine?
100
After being defeated by the Danes, this king built a powerful army and navy, and forced the Danes to sue for peace in 886.
Who was Alfred the Great?
100
This powerful emperor was able to appoint four popes.
Who was Henry III?
200
This Merovingian king defeated the Spanish Moors in 732 and prevented them from taking over France.
Who was Charles Martel?
200
Another word for a peasant, who worked the land in exchange for a portion of their crops.
What is a serf?
200
The practice of buying high positions within the church hierarchy.
What is simony?
200
This Archbishop of Canterbury feuded with Henry II and refused to allow clergy to be tried in royal courts.
Who was Thomas Becket?
200
This king was rewarded with the title "Emperor of the Romans" because he helped Pope John XII fight the Roman nobles.
Who was Otto I?
300
This was the first Carolingian king to be crowned "Emperor of the Romans".
Who was Charlemagne?
300
This noble had the highest ranking on the feudal pyramid.
What is a king?
300
The clergy member with whom most people in medieval times would have the most contact.
What is the parish priest?
300
These French kings regained territory from the English.
Who were the Capetians?
300
Over time, Imperial power gradually declined and the Holy Roman Emperor became little more than this.
What is a figurehead?
400
Charlemagne appointed Alcuin to established a school based on this model, emphasizing grammar, rhetoric, logic, mathematics, music and astronomy.
What is the Roman model.
400
The custom of passing on land from the father to his oldest son.
What is primogeniture?
400
The term used to designate monks who lived in accordance with strict rules. It is the opposite of "secular" clergy.
What is regular clergy?
400
This English king decreased the power of feudal lords.
Who was William the Conqueror?
400
This pope made the Church more powerful by using his authority to excommunicate and impose interdiction; however, he was never able to unify Germany and Italy.
Who was Innocent III?
500
After his death, the sons of Louis the Pious; Lothair, Charles the Bald and Louis the German, signed this agreement that divided Charlemagne's empire among them.
What is the Treaty of Verdun?
500
The term that refers to the code that regulated the behavior of knights.
What is chivalry?
500
Those who threatened the church by criticizing or arguing against church teachings or beliefs were called this.
What are heretics?
500
This document forced nobles, peasants and the king to be equally responsible to the law.
What is the Magna Carta?
500
This issue was the source of a major dispute between Pope Gregory VII and King Henry IV. It led to Henry's excommunication.