Beginning of the Universe
The theory that most scientist believes explains how our universe began is called ________________.
Big Bang Theory
Galaxies that are redshifted are:
Moving away from earth
What is another common name for a packet of light in the vacuum of space?
Photon
The distance between two wave crests?
wavelength
This star is the closest star to Earth...
The Sun
As galaxies move away from our galaxy, a shift in the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) is noticed by cosmologists all over Earth. This phenomena is called _____________.
Redshift
Blueshift of light means the galaxy is moving
towards Earth
What part of the atom does light interact with?
electrons
What is changing when the wavelengths change in size?
frequency (or type of light - visible, X-ray, radio, etc.)
The total distance that a beam of light travels through space in one Earth year.
Light-year
A date that is commonly accepted by Big Bang theorists for when the Big Bang happened is____ years ago
13-15 billion
Most distant galaxies show a RED SHIFT. This is considered EVIDENCE that the universe is ___.
expanding
True or False? Gamma rays have short wavelengths.
True
As the source of the light moves, it changes the frequency and wavelength to the observer. What is this called?
doppler effect
These can be considered star "nurseries"...
Molecular Clouds
According to the Big Bang Theory, the universe started as a __________, a small ball of gas and dust that was extremely dense.
singularity/fireball
If something that makes light is moving AWAY from you, it spreads the wavelengths of light out. This application of the Doppler effect is known as ___.
red shift
True or False? Longer wavelengths moving away from an object show a blueshift?
False --> Red Shift
a group of millions or billions of stars are called
galaxies
Earth is in what galaxy
The milkway
(True/False) Big Bang theorists believe that most matter should be complex, large atoms, like gold and plutonium.
False
The remaining energy (radiation) from the big bang is called ________.
CMB -Cosmic Background Radiation
What form of radiation has the LONGEST wavelength?
Radio waves
When plotting an emission spectrum onto a wavelength versus intensity graph, the pattern of wavelengths will show a ______ in specific wavelegths.
spike
How many light-years across is the Milky Way Galaxy?
100,000 LY
What process needed to occur for the early universe to transform from a hot soup of pure energy to the variety of elements and systems we see today?
According to Redshift, the farther away a galaxy is, the _____________ it is moving away from earth.
Further / faster
What color of visible light has the highest energy level?
When plotting an absorption spectrum onto a wavelength versus intensity graph, the pattern of wavelengths will show a ______ in specific wavelegths.
dip
In what year were the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft launched into space and out towards the edge of our solar system?
1977, Voyager 1 is now 1 light-day away from Earth
The Big Bang Theory is the most widely accepted theory about the origin of the universe because CMB supports it. Prior to the discovery of CMB, what other theory was being considered when explaining the origin of the universe?
The Steady-State Theory
what force is responsible for the creation of stars?
gravity
What scale do we measure wavelengths of visible light?
Nano-meters
Which two elements are most abundant in the visible universe?
Hydrogen and Helium
What is the star that is closest to Earth besides the Sun?
proxima centuri