Biomedical Therapies
What controversial therapy involves shocking patients
electroconvulsive therapy
psychopharmacology
How are anti-anxiety drugs effective
What are antidepressants most often used for?
Lifting people up from a state of depression
What is the name of the surgery that cuts nerves that connect to the frontal lobe and the emotion control centers
Lobotomy
How is ECT effective in curing depression?
No one knows- it's been around for more than 70 years and yet scientists still don't know the reasoning behind its effectiveness
What procedure is necessary when seeing new drugs are effective
What is double blind procedure
What type of drug must not be used along with anti-anxiety drugs?
What do antidepressants trigger within the body and why are those targeted?
Neurotransmitters (or norepinephrine or serotonin) that are low in situations of stress or anxiety
Why is lobotomy seen as the last resort
the process is irreversible
What type of therapy uses pulses from a magnetic coil to improve depression
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
What are antipsychotic drugs used for
treating people with schizophrenia and other forms of thought disorders
What other treatment along with antibiotic D-cycloserine (an anti-anxiety drug) helps facilitates the extinction of learned fears
Behavioral treatments
What are two very good ways to improve depression without the use of a drug?
Aerobic exercise and cognitive therapy
What are the main two ways people can help cure some disorders
Aerobic exercise and human connection
Explain why rTMS is effective for some patients
Its focused pulses on the left frontal lobe which is relatively inactive during depression which may cause more nerve cells to form through long term potentiation
How are antipsychotic drugs effective?
They dampen the response to irrelevant stimuli thus block those with positive symptoms of schizophrenia, such as auditory hallucinations and paranoia
What is one major criticism of behavior therapies in combination with anti-anxiety drugs like Xanax?
They reduce the current symptoms not the underlying issues, the phrase "popping a Xanax" at the first time of tension can create a learned response, this does not fix the issue of the anxiety occurring.
What category of drug does Prozac, commonly a antidepressant, but because it also cures anxiety to strokes it has it own category
SSRI's (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ) which block the breakdown of both norepinephrine and serotonin.
What simple compound can people who suffer with bipolar disorder take to improve their moods?
salt (specifically the lithium)
specifically the bridges between the frontal lobes and the limbic system
What is the name of the disease and what are the impacts of it that are caused by term usage of antipsychotic drugs
Tardive Dyskinesia- which causes involuntary facial movements like grimacing
What type of drug has been more prescribed to treat anxiety recently?
Antidepressants
The increased serotonin causes neurogenesis- the new cells reverse stress-induced loss of neurons
What is the process of enhancing positive thinking
Anti-rumination