Thyroid Hormones
Signs & Symptoms
Diagnosis
Drugs and other things
Potpourri
100
Which organs/glands do free T3 and T4 exert negative feedback?
Hint: On the _____ and _____ pituitary
hypothalamus & anterior pituitary
100
How does hyperthyroidism affect the cardiovascular system?
Palpitations, tachycardia, chest pain, arrythmias, etc
100
When should providers screen for congenital hypothyroidism?
Within 24-48 hours of birth; increased TSH
Presents with lethargy, macroglossia, umbilical hernia, neonatal jaundice & hypotonia
100
A patient is on thyroid hormone replacement therapy (levothyroxine). What are some common adverse effects of the medication?
Arrythmias, heat intolerance, tachycardia & tremors
100
What does the thyroid gland produce?
Thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3), and Calcitonin.
200
What is the major hormone produced by the thyroid gland (T4/T3)?
T4
T3 is a lesser product; the majority of T3 is created peripherally
200
35 y/o woman presents with a diffusely enlarged thyroid as well as cold intolerance & weight gain. Her family history is significant for various autoimmune diseases. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (autoimmune disorder with antithyroid peroxidase and antithyroglobulin antibodies)
Most common cause of hypothyroidism in the US
200
The literal meaning of Thyroiditis.
Inflammation of the Thyroid
200
Which therapy options for hyperthyroidism can result in permanent hypothyroidism?
What is radioactive iodine and surgery?
200
What is the most common Thyroid Cancer?
Papillary Carcinoma
300
The thyroid gland converts this chemical element into T3 And T4.
Iodine
300
What disease is associated with the clinical finding below?
Grave's disease (Pretibial myxedema)
300
The most common form of thyroiditis and is associated with hypothyroidism.
Hashimoto’s Disease
300
Written Directive must be used when a dose is given of at least _________.
30uCi I131
300
These glands are posterior to the thyroid and may be oval, bean shaped, spherical elongated, or lobulated.
The parathyroid glands
400
The hormone linked to C cells in the thyroid
Calcitonin
400
A patient presenting with exophthalmos and elevated serum levels of T3 & T4 most likely has which autoimmune disorder?
Grave’s Disease
400
Palpable lump in throat, rapidly increasing in size over a few weeks. Additionally, throat pain and swollen lymph nodes, difficulty swallowing and/or breathing
What is Thyroid carcinoma?
400
Explanation of negative feedback loop as it relates to Thyroid hormone production.
Negative feed back means that when levels are low (thyroid hormone) then the stimulation hormone(TSH) will keep increasing to try to increase the production of Thyroid hormone.
400
tetra iodothyronine is known as
T4 or Thyroxine
500
Explain the steps taken to produce the thyroid hormones.
Hypothalamus -> Thyroid Releasing Hormone -> Anterior Pituitary Gland -> Thyroid Stimulating Hormone -> Thyroid Produces T3 & T4.
500
Iodide ions cross from the bloodstream into follicle cells via _________.
Active transport
500
When hyperthyroidism is left untreated and worsens in the setting of infection, trauma and surgery. It presents with fever, diarrhea, delirium and tachycardia. This is ___________.
Thyroid storm
500
Doses for I131 therapy for the following diseases:
Graves Disease
Thyroid carcinoma: PTC, FTC
<30mCi
75mCi- 200mCi
500
These are patient counseling points for which agent of choice for Graves' disease?
Sit while urinating, flush toilet x2 with lid down. For 5 days avoid long trips & public transportation, For 7 days minimize close contacts with other people, keep dishes & clothes separate (wash immediately), For 10 days: avoid pregnant women. Do not breast-feed or become pregnant for 6 months.
RAI Therapy I131