Washington and New Gov.
President Washington set an important unwritten tradition for future presidents when he chose to step down after serving this many terms in office.
what is Two Terms?
Alexander Hamilton led this political party, which favored a strong national government, urban manufacturing, and close trade ties with Great Britain.
What are the Federalists?
This constitutional principle divides government power into three distinct branches: legislative, executive, and judicial
What is 'separation of powers'?
He served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court for 34 years and authored decisions that dramatically expanded federal judicial power.
Who is John Marshall?
In 1803, Thomas Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory from this European nation and its leader, Napoleon Bonaparte.
What is France?
Alexander Hamilton convinced Southern leaders to agree to federal assumption of state war debts by agreeing to move the national capital to this region.
What is Washington D.C (District of Columbia?)
Thomas Jefferson led this political party, which favored states' rights, an agrarian economy of independent farmers, and support for France.
Who are the Democratic Republicans?
This system ensures that no single branch of government becomes too powerful by allowing each branch to limit or block the actions of the others.
What are checks and balances?
The landmark 1803 Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison formally established this crucial judicial power.
What is judicial review?
The Louisiana Purchase was a major diplomatic success because it doubled the size of the U.S. and gave farmers control of this vital trade river and port city.
What is the Mississippi River (and New Orleans?)
President Washington sent federal troops to put down this 1794 western Pennsylvania uprising, proving that the new Constitution gave the federal government the power to enforce national laws.
What is the Whiskey Rebellion?
Hamilton used this clause in Article I of the Constitution—also known as the "elastic clause"—to argue that Congress had the power to create a National Bank.
What is the 'necessary and proper' clause?
This fundamental principle divides power between the federal government in Washington, D.C. and individual state governments.
What is federalism?
Judicial review gives the Supreme Court the ultimate authority to declare acts of Congress or the President to be this.
What is unconstitutional?
Purchasing Louisiana created a personal dilemma for Jefferson because the Constitution did not explicitly grant the president the power to do this.
What is 'buy land from a foreign nation?'
In his 1796 Farewell Address, George Washington warned Americans against foreign alliances and the harmful effects of these political groups.
What are political parties, Federalists or Democratic-Republicans?
Thomas Jefferson opposed the Bank of the United States because he adhered to this strict philosophy of interpreting the Constitution.
What is strict construction?
Chief Justice John Marshall frequently used Supreme Court decisions to strengthen the power of this level of government over state governments
What is the federal (or national) government?
In rulings protecting private businesses and charters, Chief Justice Marshall relied heavily on the principle of the "sanctity of" these legal agreements.
What are contracts?
This outrageously unpopular British naval practice involved stopping American ships at sea and forcing American sailors into service in the Royal Navy.
What is impressment?
Following the 1793 outbreak of war between Britain and France, Washington issued this official declaration to keep the United States from taking sides.
What is the Neutrality Proclamation?
The presidential election of 1800 earned this nickname because it marked the first peaceful transfer of power from one political party to another in U.S. history.
What is the 'Revolution of 1800?'
Written in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions introduced this controversial concept that states could declare federal laws unconstitutional.
what is nulification?
Federalist President John Adams appointed numerous federal judges right before leaving office in 1801, leading to the nickname for these late appointments.
What are the "Midnight Judges"?
Thomas Jefferson signed this 1807 economic law to avoid war and punish Britain and France by halting all foreign trade,though it ultimately devastated the U.S. economy.
what is the Embargo Act?