Do all eukaryotic cells undergo all post translational processes?
What is no; you must find the selection gene, promoter sequence, and termination signals
100
Define “Transformation”
What is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material from its surroundings and taken up through the cell membrane
100
What did you use as the basis of the horizontal spread of an infection during lab
What is shaking hands
100
What enzyme does HIV depend on?
What is reverse transcriptase
100
Define “Oligonucleotide”
What is a chain of DNA between 2 and 100 nucleotides long.
200
A type of yeast that replaced E. coli for transformation (sounds like piccachu)
What is pichia pastoris
200
Transformation is a ____ event
What is rare, only 1 in every 10,000 cells successfully incorporates the plasmid DNA
200
Define “Direct contact transmission”
What is occurs when there is actual physical contact between the host (the infected patient) and the susceptible person.
200
What do HIV and AIDS stand for?
What is Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
200
What is a reporter gene and give 2 examples
What is the linking of a promoter sequence to an easily detectable gene that codes for a visible protein like luciferase (firefly light), GFP, or β- galactosidase
300
Define “Wild type”
What is the typical (or the most common) form, appearance, or strain existing in the wild (like wildtype chipmunks are brown)
300
What were the two plasmids we transformed into competent cells?
What is Green Fluorescent Protein and Green Fluorescent Protein
300
Define “Indirect transmission”
What is occurs by means of contaminated, inanimate objects such as bed sheets, clothing, towels, etc
300
What are the different tests you can use to check for AIDS?
What is ELISA, Western Blot, or PCR
300
What does “ELISA” stand for?
What is enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
400
Define “Half-life”
What is the amount of time required for a quantity to fall to half its value as measured at the beginning of the time period.
400
What type of growth was there on the control plate without Ampicillin?
What is a lawn – complete growth; it entirely covered the plate
400
Define “Vertical transmission”
What is the spread of disease from parent to offspring
400
Describe how an ELISA works to show HIV positive
What is: Capture Antibody → HIV Antigen → Serum Antibody → Conjugate → Chromagen
400
Define “promoter sequences”
What is DNA sequences that define where transcription of a gene by RNA polymerase begins.
500
Define “Sigma factor”
What is a protein needed only for initiation of RNA synthesis. It is a bacterial transcription initiation factor that enables specific binding of RNA polymerase to gene promoters.
500
Which plates contained the transformed cells?
What is the experimental plates that had cells growing on a media with Ampicillin
500
What is an infectious agent vector
What is secondary organisms that do not themselves infect a host but transfer a disease-causing microorganism from one host to another. Vectors include mice, mosquitoes, ticks, and cockroaches
500
Which group of cells does HIV target
What is the subgroup of white blood cells called CD+ T cells (these are the cells it goes inside and highjacks the machinery to make more HIV)
500
Define “primers”
What is a strand of nucleic acid that serves as a starting point for DNA synthesis. It is required for DNA replication because the enzymes that catalyze this process, DNA polymerase