Crusades
Black Death
Renaissance
Transformation of W. Europe
Misc
100
What was the dominant religion in Western Europe
Christianity
100
The Bubonic Plague aka Black Death originated started in...
East Asia
100
Renaissance is a French word which means
Re-Birth
100
Period in European history between 1600's and 1700's when nations were governed (ruled) by absolute monarchs
The Age of Absolutism
100
This group became the most important unifying and stabilizing force in western Europe during the Middle Ages.
The Catholic Church
200
A primary goal of European Crusaders fighting in the Middle East was to
Take back Jerusalem from the Muslims
200
Black Death was an outbreak of bubonic plague, caused by the bacterium _______ ________
Yersinia pestis
200
The Renaissance began in Italian city-states such as Venice and Florence because:
1) The Italian city-states (like Venice and Florence) had great economies.
2) controlled Mediterranean trade and grew very wealthy
3) increased trade and cultural diffusion with the Muslim Empire
200
This scientist, during the Scientific Revolution, challenged the geocentric theory (Earth-centered) supported the Heliocentric (sun-centered) theory of the Solar System
Nicholas Copernicus
200
This idea emerged during the Age of Absolutism in Europe and proclaimed that monarchs received their right to rule from God.
Divine Right
300
Identify 2 effects of the Crusades on Western Europe
- increase of trade between Western Europe and the Muslim world
-An increased flow of knowledge into Western Europe (especially Ancient Greek and Roman works preserved by Muslims)
- Muslims maintain control of Jerusalem
- Ongoing tensions between some Muslim and Christians leaders, even during the 20th and 21th centuries
- The Roman Catholic Church experienced an increase in wealth, and the power of the Pope was elevated after the Crusades ended
- The crusades caused a rupture in western-Byzantine relations
300
How did the Black spread?
- Fleas on rats
- Trade routes such as the Silk Road and Mediterranean Sea trade routes (made safe during the Pax Mongolica)
300
Niccolo Machiavelli- Famous author of the Renaissance who wrote a book called “The Prince,” which is a guide for government leaders. Key ideas of this book include:
1) Rulers must have absolute power and do whatever is necessary to stay in power (even if that means dishonest and cruel behavior).
2) “The end justifies the means”- Leaders must do whatever is necessary to help their nation
300
Martin Luther, a German monk, created the 95 theses. What were some of the arguments he had against the Catholic Church?
The sale of Indulgences
Corruption by high-ranking church officials
300
Scientists during the Scientific Revolution used this system of observations and experiments to develop theories about the natural world
The Scientific Method
400
Pope Urban II gave a fiery speech on 1095 in Modern day France which persuaded Christian nobles to join Crusades. What is the name of speech?
Speech of Claremont
400
Identify two causes of the Black Death
- Increased international trade
- Urbanization (Rise of cities)
- Lack of medical knowledge
400
The printing press was important for several reasons:
1) It helped spread new ideas quickly.
2) It helped spread the Protestant Reformation since people like Martin Luther were able to print copies of their writings for others to read.
3) It increased literacy (the ability of people to read and write) since books were now easier and cheaper to obtain
400
List at least two characteristics of an absolute monarch
Makes Laws
Centralized Power
Controlled the military
Limited power of church and nobles
Proclaimed divine rights (right to rule from god)
400
This French monarch ruled France for 72 years and was considered the ideal absolute monarch. He is often referred to as the Sun King.
King Louis XIV (14th)
500
Explain the historical circumstances that led to the development of the Crusades
- Rising conflict between Islamic Caliphate (Empire) and Byzantine Empire
- Byzantine Emperor Alexuis I calls for help from Pope Urban II
- Pope Urban II gives a fiery speech to persuade Christian nobles and kings to led their armies to Jerusalem to conquer the holy land
500
Identify two effects of the Black Death
- start of the Renaissance
- Improvement of medical and scientific knowledge
- Increased wages for peasants
- Feudalism continued to decline as serfs fled from manors for better opportunities.
- 1/3 of Europe's population died
-People start to have more criticisms of the Catholic Church
500
Why was the Renaissance a turning point?
- increased focus on secular human achievements
- Rediscovery and expansion of Greek and Roman works and knowledge
- Decreased power of the Catholic Church
- Rise in literacy in Western Europe
- Increased power of a wealthy merchant class
- etc...
500
What factors led to the decline of power of the Catholic Church in the late middle ages (around 1300's and on). Provide 2 examples.
New renaissance ideas such as Humanism which focus on secular world (non-religious) world of human achievement
The rise of absolute monarchs during the age of Absolutism
Exposure of church corruption by leaders such as Martin Luther during the Protestant Reformation.
500
What is the name of the earth centered theory and the sun-centered theory? (Hint: The Heliocentric theory was supported by the experiments of Copernicus and Galileo)
earth-centered (geo-centric)
Sun-centered (Helio-centric)