Steps of Translation
What is the first step of Translation?
Initiation
In a Eukaryotic cell where does translation happen?
In the nucleus
Where are ribosomes located in this process?
where polypetides are built.
List the three steps of translation?
initiation
elongation
termination
Describe a polypeptide?
long chain of amino acids
What is Initiation?
RNA polymerase binds to DNA at the promoter region and separates the complementary strand.
where does mRNA occur in a Prokaryotic cell?
In the cytoplasm
what kind of RNA are polypeptides are made up of?
rRNA Ribosomal RNA
translation is the _____ step in DNA synthesis?
last
What does decode mean?
can mean convert or a coded message
In elongation how does the chain become longer?
chemical reaction
what does discontinuous Process means?
One after the other
What do ribosomes help tRNa do?
help tRNA find their matching CODON on the mRNA template and deliver their amino acids.
mRNA carries genetic information copied from DNA in the form of a series of three-base code what are these called? and what are the ones from tRNA called?
Codons
anti-codons
what is codon?
the instructions for building a polypeptide are RNA nucleotides read in groups of three. These groups of three are called codons.
Explains what happens in step one of translation?
In this first step the ribosome will gather around the mRNA to be translated. Then the first tRNA (this will be carrying methionine which is an amino acid) will start the codon, AUG. This is considered the initiation complex which makes this step important in order for the rest of the translation process to begin.
Which Cell's translation occurs in the G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle?
Eukaryotic
what do ribosomes act as?
An enzyme
what does tRNA do?
translate the code words of mRNA
What does mRNA do?
An mRNA molecule carries a portion of the DNA code to other parts of the cell for processing. mRNA is created during transcription. During the transcription process, a single strand of DNA is decoded by RNA polymerase, and mRNA is synthesized.
Describe what happens in Elongation
Elongation like the name is the step where your amino acid chain gets longer. In this step the messenger RNA is read one at a time and the amino acid that matches is added to the protein chain causing it to become longer.
Name the process that both Eukaryotic Cell and Prokaryotic cell go through?
Eukaryotic: discontinuous processes
Prokaryotic: simultaneously
what do ribosomes do when they act as enzymes?
Catalyze the chemical reaction that links amino acids together to make a chain.
why does our body go through translation?
without this cells would not be able to be made and neither would proteins.
What is a protein?
large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms, especially as structural components of body tissues such as muscle, hair, collagen, etc., and as enzymes and antibodies.