Shoot Growth
A lateral stem growing below the soil surface.
What is a rhizome
What is the flowering structure found at the top of a flowering culm called?
A. Spikelet
B. Floret
C. Inflorescence
D. Panicle
What is an inflorescence?
Soil particle larger than silt but smaller than gravel.
What is sand
The northeastern United States is classified as which climate type?
A. Temperate Continental
B. Temperate Oceanic
C. Tropical Wet
D. Arid Steppe
What is temperate continental?
What is the first step in successful turfgrass establishment?
A. Selecting Adapted Grasses
B. Fertilization
C. Irrigation
D. Soil Preparation
What is selecting adapted grasses?
What is the process by which grass shoots increase in number through the production of new tillers?
A. Branching
B. Spreading
C. Tillering
D. Rhizoming
What is tillering?
What is the basic unit of organization within an inflorescence?
A. Floret
B. Spikelet
C. Glume
D. Rachilla
What is a spikelet
Which root structure contains a suberin band that blocks apoplastic movement?
A. Casparian Strip
B. Cortex
C. Epidermis
D. Pericycle
What is the Casparian strip?
What is the humid layer of air immediately surrounding a leaf blade called?
A. Rhizosphere
B. Boundary Layer
C. Moisture Zone
D. Microclimate Layer
What is the boundary layer?
What is generally considered the best establishment period for cool-season turfgrasses?
A. Winter
B. Mid-Summer
C. Late Spring
D. Late Summer to Early Autumn
What is late summer to early autumn?
Growth habit with shoots connected by rhizomes or stolons. (Example in a creeping bentgrass)
What is a spreading growth habit?
Which flowering structure has spikelets attached directly to the main axis?
A. Panicle
B. Raceme
C. Spike
D. Pedicle
What is a spike
Soil separates with particles smaller than 0.002 mm.
What is clay?
What is the release of xylem sap droplets from leaf margins called?
A. Guttation
B. Transpiration
C. Condensation
D. Exudation
What is guttation?
Pure Live Seed (PLS) is calculated using which formula?
A. % Pure Seed × % Germination
B. Germination × Seeding Rate
C. Purity + Germination
D. Viability × Dormancy
What is % Pure Seed × % Germination?
What are the bladeless leaves found on rhizomes called?
A. Auricles
B. Ligules
C. Cataphylls
D. Sheaths
What are cataphylls?
What is the male reproductive portion of a grass flower called?
A. Pistil
B. Ovary
C. Stigma
D. Stamen
What is a stamen
When coarse soil overlies finer soil, what water condition may develop?
A. Aquifer
B. Temporary Water Table
C. Saturated Layer
D. Perched Water Table
What is a temporary water table?
Which heat transfer process is responsible for cooling through transpiration?
A. Conduction
B. Radiation
C. Evaporation
D. Convection
What is evaporation
Which fertilizer characteristic is especially important for seedling root development during establishment?
A. High Potassium
B. High Nitrogen
C. High Phosphorus
D. Slow-Release Nitrogen
High Phosphorus
Turfgrass perenniality largely depends upon what process?
A. Replacement Growth
B. Floral Induction
C. Germination
D. Tillering
What is replacement growth
What process allows Kentucky bluegrass to produce seed without fertilization? A. Pollination B. Cleistogamy C. Vernalization D. Apomixis
What is apomixis
A soil's ability to hold positively charged nutrient ions is known as:
A. Soil Conductivity
B. Soil Reaction
C. Buffer Capacity
D. Cation Exchange Capacity
What is cation exchange capacity?
Long-day, short-day, and day-neutral are classifications of:
A. Vernalization
B. Photoperiodic Induction
C. Temperature Response
D. Floral Development
What is photoperiodic induction
Which practice improves seed-to-soil contact and enhances turf establishment after seeding?
A. Rolling
B. Aerifying
C. Topdressing Only
D. Scalping
A. Rolling