Channel-linked
These receptors are membrane-spanning, multimeric proteins that mediate fast neurotransmission.
What are ion channel-linked receptors?
This major type of enzyme-linked receptor has tyrosine kinase activity.
What is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)?
Intracellular receptors are typically located in either of these two parts of the cell.
What are the cytoplasm and nucleus?
This type of receptor spans the cell membrane seven times.
What is a 7-transmembrane receptor?
These are the three basic structural organizations shown for ligand-gated ion channels.
What are pentamers, tetramers, and trimers?
These are two common types of ligands that bind RTKs.
What are growth factors and insulin?
Steroid hormones, thyroid hormones, and retinoids share this property that allows them to interact with intracellular receptors.
What is being lipid-soluble?
This protein has alpha, beta, and gamma subunits and works with GPCRs.
What is a G-protein?
This pentameric Cys-loop receptor binds acetylcholine and conducts Na⁺, K⁺, and Ca²⁺.
What is the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)?
After ligand binding, two RTK receptors are brought together in this activation step.
What is receptor dimerization?
After ligand binding, intracellular receptors bind these specific regions of DNA.
What are DNA response elements?
GPCR activation can influence the production of these intracellular signaling molecules, helping change cellular responses.
What are second messengers?
This drug, used for smoking addictions, acts at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
What is Varenicline?
Activated RTKs add phosphate groups to these specific amino acid residues.
What are tyrosine residues?
Compared with membrane-receptor signaling, intracellular-receptor effects generally have this pattern.
What are slow-developing effects?
This concept explains how the same receptor can activate different signaling pathways depending on which ligand binds.
What is functional selectivity?
These channels can be activated by temperature, mechanical stress, and ligands.
What are TRP channels?
Some RTK inhibitors reduce kinase activity by competing for this binding site.
What is the ATP-binding site?
This drug acts as an orthosteric antagonist at the estrogen receptor.
What is tamoxifen?
Serotonin and LSD were the two ligands we discussed in connection with this receptor.
What is the 5-HT2A receptor?