East Asia
This fast-ripening, drought-resistant crop imported from Champa in Vietnam allowed for multiple annual harvests, causing a massive population boom during the Song Dynasty
What is Champa Rice?
The famous academic center and library established in Abbasid Baghdad where Muslim scholars translated and preserved ancient Greek, Roman, and Indian scientific texts
What is the House of Wisdom
The southern Indian Hindu empire established by two brothers (Harihara and Bukka) who converted back to Hinduism after leaving the Delhi Sultanate
What is The Vijayanagara Empire
The artificial floating garden islands built by the Aztecs in Lake Texcoco to expand crop production for their capital of Tenochtitlan
What are chinampas?
The network of seven West African city-states loosely tied by kinship that specialized in regional manufacturing, cotton production, and trade
What are the Hausa Kingdoms?
The self-sufficient agricultural economy of medieval Europe where serfs provided labor on manors in exchange for physical protection from local lords
What is the Manorial System/Feudalism?
This bureaucratic system expanded under the Song dynasty enabled young men to earn government positions based on competitive exams testing Confucian texts rather than aristocratic birth.
What is the Civil Service Exam/Meritocracy
These Central Asian nomadic pastoralists converted to Islam, migrated into Abbasid territory, and assumed the political title of sultan, diminishing the caliph's secular authority
What are the Seljuk Turks?
The Hindu devotional movement originating in southern India that rejected caste discrimination and rigid ritualism in favor of an emotional, personal connection to deities
What is the Bhakti Movement?
The mandatory public labor service required by the Incan state from conquered peoples to construct roads, terrace farms, and public infrastructure
What is the Mit'a System?
The syncretic language and coastal culture that developed in East Africa by blending Bantu grammar with Arabic vocabulary as a result of Indian Ocean trade
What is Swahili?
The agricultural rotation system introduced in medieval Europe that increased crop yields and population growth by leaving only one-third of field space fallow each season
What is the 3 Field System?
This term describes the process through which neighboring societies like Korea, Japan, and Vietnam voluntarily or involuntarily adopted Chinese writing systems, Confucianism, and political models
Enslaved ethnic Turkic soldiers in Egypt who revolted against their rulers, established their own sultanate, and grew wealthy by controlling regional cotton and trade routes
Who are the Mamluks?
This rigid system of birth involved creating classes for each citizen by birth and giving it a religious purpose.
What is the caste system?
The political mechanism used by the Aztec Empire to extract luxury goods, military service, and captives for human sacrifice from subject city-states, sparking widespread resentment
What is the Tribute System?
The decentralized governance structure prevalent in early Sub-Saharan Africa where villages were governed by family heads and clan elders rather than a centralized monarch
What are kin-based networks/clans?
The 14th-century Eurasian pandemic that wiped out roughly one-third of Europe's population, creating severe labor shortages that eroded serfdom and weakened feudal ties
What is the Black Death?
The economic phenomenon during the Song Dynasty where rural workers began producing more iron, porcelain, and silk than could be consumed locally, shifting the economy toward market production
What is proto-industrialization?
The head tax levied on non-Muslim subjects (dhimmis) across Islamic empires, which guaranteed religious tolerance and protection under Islamic rule
What is the jizya tax?
This religion found its way into the courts of rulers in this region and became a major influencer.
What is Buddhism?
This type of society traces their lineage through their mothers, such as the Mississippian cultures.
What is matrilineal?
What is Ghana/Mali/Songhay?
These acts were born out of fear of the Muslims and a desire to retake the holy land.
What are the Crusades?
The patriarchal practice that gained widespread popularity among elite Chinese families during the Song Dynasty's Neo-Confucian revival, symbolizing high status while physically restricting women's mobility
What is foot-binding?
Mystical Muslim missionaries who emphasized personal devotion and introspection, playing a major role in spreading Islam to distant regions by adapting to local cultural traditions
Who are the Sufis?
Unlike China's highly centralized imperial system, northern India was moreable to be conquered by outside forces due to its
What is the north's instability and fragmentation?
To maintain political administrative control across 2,500 miles of rugged Andean terrain without a written language, the Inca relied on these two critical innovations
What is the Carpa Nan?
The Mali Empire accumulated immense wealth and global prestige along the trans-Saharan routes by establishing state monopolies over these key resources
Gold, salt, horses and other metals
The major effect of the Black Plague on Europe was
What is the end of feudalism due to rising wages and demand for labor?